تأثیر جنگل‌کاری با گونه‌های درختی بر ترسیب کادمیوم، روی، سرب و منگنز در خاک(مطالعه موردی: توده‌های جنگلی اطراف کارخانه سیمان ایلام)
محورهای موضوعی :
آلودگی های محیط زیست (آب، خاک و هوا)
امین پناه
1
(
دانش آموخته مهندسی منابع طبیعی - جنگلداری، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران.
)
عبدالعلی کرمشاهی
2
(
دانشیار دانشگاه ایلام، گروه علوم جنگل، دانشکده کشاورزی، ایلام، ایران. (مسئول مکاتبات)
)
جواد میرزایی
3
(
دانشیار دانشگاه ایلام، گروه علوم جنگل، دانشکده کشاورزی، ایلام، ایران.
)
تاریخ دریافت : 1396/05/03
تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/03/02
تاریخ انتشار : 1399/04/01
کلید واژه:
خاک,
عناصر سنگین,
کارخانه سیمان,
جنگل‌کاری,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: امروزه آلودگی هوا، آب و خاک به واسطه فعالیت واحدهای صنعتی امری ثابت شده است. صنایع سیمان یکی از مهمترین آلاینده های محیطی است که اثرات زیست محیطی نامطلوبی بر محیط اطرافش می گذارد. این تحقیق با هدف تعیین تأثیر جنگل کاری بر میزان ترسیب کادمیوم، روی، سرب و منگنز بر خاک هفت توده جنگل کاری شده اطراف کارخانه سیمان ایلام انجام گرفته است.روش بررسی: در هر توده، پلات هایی به ابعاد 10×10 متر تصادفی سیستماتیک پیاده شد. نمونه برداری از اعماق 10-0 و 20-10 سانتی متری خاک توده ها انجام یافت. همچنین عناصر سنگین موجود در نمونه های خاک و نمونه های الکتروفیلتر نیز اندازه گیری شد.یافته ها: نتایج نشان داد میزان ترسیب کادمیوم در الکتروفیلتر کارخانه و خاک توده های جنگلی تقریبأ برابر است. اما میزان ترسیب فلز روی، سرب و منگنز در الکتروفیلتر کارخانه بیشتر از میزان ترسیب این عناصر در خاک(اعماق 10-0 و 20-10 سانتی متری) توده ها می باشد. با افزایش عمق خاک، میزان ترسیب سرب کاهش می یابد. همچنین بر اساس نتایج، در توده بلوط طبیعی، بیشترین میزان ترسیب کادمیوم در عمق 10-0 سانتی متری، فلز روی در عمق 20-10 سانتی متری خاک و بیشترین میزان ترسیب منگنز در هر دو عمق مشاهده شد.بحث و نتیجه گیری: در مجموع می توان نتیجه گرفت که بین درجه آمیختگی گونه های جنگلی و میزان ترسیب عناصر سنگین ارتباط مستقیم وجود دارد. علاوه بر این، در توده ای که بلوط طبیعی حضور داشت، میزان ترسیب عناصر سنگین بیشتر بود.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: Todays the pollution of air, water and soil caused by industrial units, has been proved in the world. Among them, the cement industry is one of the most important environmental pollutants that have adverse environmental effects on the surroundings. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of afforestation on sequestration of Cd, Zn, Pb and Mn in soil of 7 stands around the Ilam Cement Factory. Methods: In each stands, some plots (10 × 10 m) were established systematically. Soil sampling was done from the depths of 0-10 and 10-20 cm. Also, heavy metals from the soil samples and electro filter were measured. Findings: Results showed that the amount of Cd in the electro filter was similar to Cd in soil of the stands, but the amounts of Pb, Zn and Mn in electro filter are more than of those that in soils of the stands (0-10 cm and 10-20 cm depth). The results also showed that with increasing soil depth the amount of Pb sequestration decreased. In natural Oak stand, the most amount of Cd was seen in surface soil (0-10 cm depth), the most Zn were in deep soil (10-20 cm depth) and the Most amount of Mn sequestration in both depths were observed. Discussion and Conclusion: In general, we can say there are direct relationship between the degree of tree mixing and sequestration of heavy metals. In addition, in the natural Oak stand, the amount of heavy metal sequestration was higher than other stands.
منابع و مأخذ:
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Raskin, I., Kumar, NA., Dushenkov, V., Salt, DE., 1994. Bioconcentration of heavy metals by plants Curr. Journal of Opin. Biotechnol, Vol. 5. 285–290.
Mikanova, O., 2006. Effect of heavy metals on some soil biological parameters. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, Vol. 88. 220-223.
Isikli, B., Demir, TA., Urer, SM., Berber, A., Akar, T., Kalyoncu, C., 2003. Effects of Chromium exposure from a cement factory. Environmental research .Vol. 91. 113-118.
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Mortazavi,S.,Rahmani, J., Chamani ,A., 2018. Biomonitoring of Heavy Metals using Phragmites australis in Hashilan Wetland, Kermanshah. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. Vol 19.67-79.
Lindsay, W., Norvell, W.A., 1978. Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese, and copper. Soil Science Society of America Journal, Vol. 42. 421-428.
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Achiba, WB., Gabteni, N., Lakhdar, A., Laing, GD., Verloo, M., Jedidi, N., 2009. Effects of 5-year application of municipal solid waste compost on the distribution and mobility of heavy metals in a Tunisian calcareous soil. Journal of Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, Vol.130. 156-63.
Egiarte, G., Camps Arbestain, M., Ruiz Romera, E., Pinto, M., 2006. Study of the chemistry of an acid soil column and of the corresponding leachates after the addition of an anaerobic municipal sludge. Chemosphere, Vol. 65. 56-67.
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Samani Majd, S., Taebi, A., Afuni, M., 2007. Pollution of Street Margin Soil to Pb and Cd. Journal of Environmental Studies, Vol. 33. 1-10.
Majdi, H., Persson, H., 1989. Effects of road traffic pollutants (lead and cadmium) on tree fine root along a motor road. Journal of Plant and Soil, Vol.119. 1-5.
Kruatrachue, M., Rotkittikhun, P., Chaiyarat, R., Paijitprapaporn, A., Baker, AJM., 2006. Uptake and accumulation of lead by plants from the Bo Ngam lead mine area in Thailand. Journal of Environmental Pollution, Vol.144. 681-688.
Parsafar, N., Maroufi, P., 2013. Effect of sewage application on heavy element aggregation in soil profile under greenhouse-lysimetric conditions. Journal of Water Research in Agriculture, Vol. 27. 45-57. (In Persian).
Salehi, A., Tabari, M., Mohammadi, J., Ali Arab, A. 2008. Accumulation of heavy metals of lead, zinc, nickel and copper in soil and leaves of Robinia Pseudoacasia under the influence of urban sewage. Special edition of natural resources.Vol.21.92-100. (In Persian).
Streck, T., and J. Richter., 1997. Heavy metal displacement in a sandy soil at the field scale, Measurements and parameterization of sorption. Journal of Environmental Quality, Vol. 26. 49-56.
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Abasi, J., Salari, M., 2006. Environmental pollution of cement factories. Fifth Student Conference on Mining Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran. (In Persian).
Gurjar, B., Butler, T., Lawrence, M., Lelieveld, J., 2008. Evaluation of emissions and air quality in megacities. Atmospheric Environment, Vol. 42. 1593–606.
Erfan manesh , M., Afuoni, M., 2000. Environmental pollution: water, soil and air. 1st edition, publication of Arcan, Isfahan, Vol. 1. (In Persian).
Torresday, JL., Videa, JRP., Rosa, GD., Parsons, J., 2005. Phytoremediatoin of heavy metals and study of the metal coordination by X- ray absorption spectroscopy. Coordination chemistry Reviews, Vol. 249. 1797- 1810.
Pekey, H., Karakaş, D., Bakoglu, M., 2004. Source apportionment of trace metals in surface waters of a polluted stream using multivariate statistical analyses. Marine Pollution Bulletin, Vol. 49. 809-818.
Ouyang, Y., Higman, J., Thompson, J., Toole, T., Campbell, D., 2002. Characterization and spatial distribution of heavy metals in sediment from Cedar and Ortega rivers subbasin. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, Vol. 54. 19-35.
7.Terry, N., Banuelos, G., 2000. Phytoremediation of Contaminated Soil and Water. Lewis Pub Boca Raton.
8.Chaney, RL., Malik, M., Lim, YM., Brown, SL., Brewer, EP., Angle, JS., Baker, AJM., 1997. Phytoremediation of soil metals. Curr. Journal of Opinion Biotechnol, Vol. 8. 279-284.
Raskin, I., Kumar, NA., Dushenkov, V., Salt, DE., 1994. Bioconcentration of heavy metals by plants Curr. Journal of Opin. Biotechnol, Vol. 5. 285–290.
Mikanova, O., 2006. Effect of heavy metals on some soil biological parameters. Journal of Geochemical Exploration, Vol. 88. 220-223.
Isikli, B., Demir, TA., Urer, SM., Berber, A., Akar, T., Kalyoncu, C., 2003. Effects of Chromium exposure from a cement factory. Environmental research .Vol. 91. 113-118.
Norpour, A., Kazemi Shahabi, M. 2014. Modeling the distribution of air pollutants from the chimney of Ilam cement factory. Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering.Vol. 44. 12-26. (In Persian).
Panah. A., Karamshahi,A., Mirzaei.J., heydari,M., 2017. Sequestration of heavy metals in the soil and leaves of Eucalyptus microtheca, Cupressus arizonica and Robinia pseudo acasia around Ilam city’s cement plant. Journal of Health in the Field, Vol.5. 36-41. (In Persian).
Mortazavi,S.,Rahmani, J., Chamani ,A., 2018. Biomonitoring of Heavy Metals using Phragmites australis in Hashilan Wetland, Kermanshah. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology. Vol 19.67-79.
Lindsay, W., Norvell, W.A., 1978. Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese, and copper. Soil Science Society of America Journal, Vol. 42. 421-428.
Dominguez, M.T., Madrid, F., Maranon, T., Murillo, JM., 2009. Cadmium availability in soil and retention in oak roots Potential for phytostabilization. Chemosphere, Vol. 76. 480–486.
Achiba, WB., Gabteni, N., Lakhdar, A., Laing, GD., Verloo, M., Jedidi, N., 2009. Effects of 5-year application of municipal solid waste compost on the distribution and mobility of heavy metals in a Tunisian calcareous soil. Journal of Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, Vol.130. 156-63.
Egiarte, G., Camps Arbestain, M., Ruiz Romera, E., Pinto, M., 2006. Study of the chemistry of an acid soil column and of the corresponding leachates after the addition of an anaerobic municipal sludge. Chemosphere, Vol. 65. 56-67.
Hseu, ZY., 2006. Extractability and bioavailability of zinc over time in three tropical soils incubated with biosolids. Chemosphere, Vol.63. 62-71.
Samani Majd, S., Taebi, A., Afuni, M., 2007. Pollution of Street Margin Soil to Pb and Cd. Journal of Environmental Studies, Vol. 33. 1-10.
Majdi, H., Persson, H., 1989. Effects of road traffic pollutants (lead and cadmium) on tree fine root along a motor road. Journal of Plant and Soil, Vol.119. 1-5.
Kruatrachue, M., Rotkittikhun, P., Chaiyarat, R., Paijitprapaporn, A., Baker, AJM., 2006. Uptake and accumulation of lead by plants from the Bo Ngam lead mine area in Thailand. Journal of Environmental Pollution, Vol.144. 681-688.
Parsafar, N., Maroufi, P., 2013. Effect of sewage application on heavy element aggregation in soil profile under greenhouse-lysimetric conditions. Journal of Water Research in Agriculture, Vol. 27. 45-57. (In Persian).
Salehi, A., Tabari, M., Mohammadi, J., Ali Arab, A. 2008. Accumulation of heavy metals of lead, zinc, nickel and copper in soil and leaves of Robinia Pseudoacasia under the influence of urban sewage. Special edition of natural resources.Vol.21.92-100. (In Persian).
Streck, T., and J. Richter., 1997. Heavy metal displacement in a sandy soil at the field scale, Measurements and parameterization of sorption. Journal of Environmental Quality, Vol. 26. 49-56.
