تأثیر قرق بر ترسیب کربن و برخی خصوصیات ادافیکی خاک در جنگلهای تنگ دالاب ایلام

محورهای موضوعی : منابع طبیعی

سارا یاری ¹ (کارشناسی ارشد جنگل‌شناسی و اکولوژی جنگل، گروه منابع طبیعی، واحد ایلام، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ایلام، ایران.)
علی رستمی ² (استادیار، گروه منابع طبیعی، واحد ایلام، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ایلام، ایران. *(مسؤول مکاتبات)

تاریخ دریافت : 1396/02/28 تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/06/15 تاریخ انتشار : 1398/04/01

کلید واژه: جنگل قرق شده, تنگ دالاب ایلام, مدل‌سازی, ترسیب کربن, جنگل تحت چرا,

چکیده مقاله :

چکیده زمینه و هدف: تغییر کاربری اراضی سبب آشفتگی اکوسیستم می‌شود و می‌تواند ذخیره کربن و جریان آن را تحت تأثیر قرار دهد، به‌ویژه تبدیل اراضی جنگلی برای مقاصد کشاورزی، چرای دام و تفرج، اثرات متعددی روی خصوصیات خاک به‌ویژه ذخیره کربن آلی خاک دارد. هدف از این مطالعه تعیین میزان و مقایسه ترسیب کربن و خصوصیات ادافیکی خاک بین دو رویشگاه جنگلی تحت چرا و قرق 30 ساله در تنگ دالاب شهرستان ایلام بود. روش بررسی: جهت بی‌اثر کردن متغیرهای توپوگرافی، نمونه‌های خاک در دو منطقه قرق و تحت چرا، با در نظر گرفتن شرایط توپوگرافی یکسان از لحاظ جهت دامنه، ارتفاع و شیب و به روشتصادفیسیستماتیک ازهرمنطقهازعمق صفرتا30 سانتی‌متریزمین برداشت وازهرمنطقه30 نمونهخاکجمع‌آوری گردید. یافته‌ها: نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که اختلاف معنی‌داری بین درصد آهک، اسیدیته و بافت خاک بین دو منطقه قرق و قرق نشده وجود ندارد. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که میزان وزن مخصوص ظاهری و حقیقی، هدایت الکتریکی، ازت کل، فسفر، پتاسیم تبادلی، کربن آلی، ماده آلی و ترسیب کربن بین دو منطقه قرق شده و قرق نشده دارای اختلاف معنی‌دار آماری در سطح 95 درصد است. بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: مقایسه خصوصیات ادافیکی خاک در دو منطقه قرق و تحت چرا نشان‌دهنده وجود اختلاف معنی‌دار آماری برای بیش‌تر فاکتورها بود. همچنین مقادیر ترسیب کربن در خاک منطقه جنگلی قرق شده با میزان 03/60 تن در هکتار بیش‌تر از مقادیر آن در خاک منطقه قرق نشده و تحت چرا با میزان 17/41 تن در هکتار به دست آمد. درنهایت، برای برآورد ترسیب کربن خاک، دو مدل رگرسیونی معتبر با ضریب تبیین (R2)، 995/0 و 998/0 به ترتیب برای منطقه قرق شده و قرق نشده به دست آمد.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Background and Objective: Land use change causes perturbation in the ecosystem and can influence the C stocks and fluxes. In particular, conversion of forests to agricultural ecosystems, grazing lands and recreational places affects various soil properties especially soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration. The objective of this study was to investigate and compare the amount of carbon sequestration and edaphic properties of soil in both grazed and 30-year-old protected forest habitats in Tang Dalab forests in Ilam province. Method: To deactivate the topography variable, soil samples were taken from two areas of grazed and protected sites according to the same topographical conditions of geographical aspect, height and slope. In each area, 30 soil samples were taken from a depth of 0-30 cm using the randomly-systematically method. Findings: The results showed no significant difference between the percentage of lime, acidity (pH) and soil texture in the two areas. Moreover, bulk density, particle density, electrical conductivity (EC), total nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), exchangeable potassium (K), organic carbon (OC%), organic matter (OM%) and carbon sequestration (SOC) were found to be significantly different (95%) in the two areas statistically. Discussion and Conclusion: Comparison of the edaphic properties of soil in grazed and protected sites showed a significant difference among most of the studied factors. Also The amount of soil carbon sequestration is higher in the protected forest area (60.03 ton/ha) than in the grazed forest area (41/17 ton/he). Finally, two authentic regression models with R2=0.995 and R2=0.998 were obtained in the protected and the grazed areas, respectively, for estimating soil carbon sequestration.

منابع و مأخذ:

1.      Jalilvand, H., Tamartash, R., Heydarpour, H., 2007. Grazing impact on vegetation and some soil chemical properties in Kojour Rangelands, Noushahr, Iran. Rangeland, 1: 53- 66. (In Persian)

2.      M.c Lean, A., Tisdale, E.W., 1972. Recovery rate of depleted range sites under protection form grazing. Journal of Range Management, 25: 178- 184.

3.      Moghaddam, M.R., 1998. Pasture and range management. Tehran University Press, 470 pages. Tehran, Iran. (In Persian)

4.      Noel, D., Bloodworth, H., 2000. Global climate change and the effect of conservation practices in US agriculture. Global of Environmental Change, 10 (6): 197-209.

5.      William, E., 2002. Carbon dioxid fluxes in a semi arid environment with high carbonate soils. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 116:91-102.

6.      Lal, R., 2004. Soil carbon sequestration to mitigate climate change. Geoderma, 123 (2): 1-22.

7.      Davidson, E.A., Ackerman, I.L., 1993. Changes in soil carbon inventories following cultivation of previously untilled soils.Biogeochemistry, 11 (2): 161–193.

8.      Ross, D.J., Tate, K.R., Scott, N.A., Wilde, R.H., Rodda, N.J., Townsend, J.A., 2002. Afforestation of pastures with Pinus radiata influences soil carbon and nitrogen pools and mineralization and microbial properties. Australian Journal of Soil Research, 40: 1303– 1318.

9.      Mortenson, M., Shuman, G.E.,  2002. Carbon sequestration in rangeland interseeded with yellow- flowering Alfalfa (Medicago sativa spp. Falcata). USDA Symposium on Natural Resource Management to offset greenhouse gas emission in University of Wyoming.

10.  Rashe Shaeri, S., .Salehi, A., Pourbabaie, H., EshaghiRad, J., Moradi, S., 2014. Effect of short term exclosure on physical and chemical properties of soil in northern Zagros (Case study: Piranshahr forests). The Second Iranian Conference on Natutal Resources Research with the emphasis on forest sciences, Sanandaj, 175-187. (In Persian)

11.  Fahim, Z., Delavar, M.A., Golchin, A., 2013. The Effect of Vegetative Cover on Carbon Sequestration and Soil Properties in Khairoodkenar Region, Noshahr. Journal of Water and Soil Science (Journal of Science and Technolology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 17(2):137-149. (In Persian)

12.  Tamartash, R., Yousefian, M., Mahdavi, K.H., Mahdavi, M., 2012. Investigation of Enclosure Effect on Artemisia Carbon Sequestration in the Arid Zone of Semnan Province. Journal of Natural Environment, Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 65 (3): 341-352. (In Persian)

13.  Ahmadi, T., MalekPoor, B., Kazemi Mazandarani S.S., 2011. Investigation of exclosure effect upon physical and chemical properties of soil at Kohneh lashak Mazandaran. Journal of Plant ecophysiology, 3 (1): 89-100. (In Persian)

14.  Haidarian Aghakhani, M., Naghipour Borj A.A., Nasri, M., 2010. The effects of exclosure on vegetation and soil chemical properties in sisab rangelands, bojnord, Iran. Journal of Renewable Natural Resources Research, 1:14-27. (In Persian)

15.  Wang, D., Liu, Y., Wu, G., Ding, L.M., Yang Z., Hao, H., 2015. Effect of rest grazing management on soil water and carbon storage in arid grassland (China). Journal of Hydrology, 527: 754–760.

16.  Li, F.R., Liu, J.L., 2011. Degraded vegetation and wind erosion influence soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation in sandy grasslands. Plant Soil, 317: 79–92.

17.  Jeddi, K. and M. Chaieb, 2010. Changes in soil properties and vegation following livestock grazing exclusion in degraded arid environment of south Tunisia, Flora, 205: 184-189.

18.  Jafari Haghighi, M., 2003. Soil analysis, sampling and important physical and chemical analysis method with emphasis on theory and application basics. Nedaye zoha press, 240 p. (In Persian)

19.  Allen, S.E., Grimshow, H.M., Parkinson, J.A., Quarmby, C., 1974. Chemical Analysis of Ecological Materials Osney Mead. Blackwell Scientific Publications Oxford, London, UK.

20.  Rhoades, J.D., 1982. Soluble salts, P 167-179. In: Page, A.L. (ed.), Method of soil analysis. part2. Chemical and microbiological Properties. Agronomy Monograph no. 9. 2nd ed. SSSA and ASA, Madison, WI.

21.  Walkly, A., Black, I.A., 1934. An examination of the degtjareff method for determining soil organic matter and a proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science 37: 29-38.

22.  Li, Z., Zhao, Q.G., 2001. Organic carbon content and distribution in soils under different land uses in tropical and subtropical China. Plant Soil, 11: 175–185.

23.  Bakhshi, H., Zahedi Amiri, Gh., Bayat, M., 2011. Assessment role of fenced on the recovery of soil properties after recreation activities (case study: Nour Forest Park). Research Journal of Forest Sciences and Engineering, 1 (2): 13-19. (In Persian).

24.  Wang, D., Lin Wu, G., Jun Zhu, Y., Hua Shi, Z., 2014. Grazing exclusion effects on above and below ground C and N pools of typical grassland on the Loess Plateau (China). CATENA, 123: 113-120.

25.  Mirzaali, E., Mesdaghi, M., Erfanzadeh, R., 2006. The study of effects of exclosure on vegetation and soil surface in saline ranges of Gomishan, Golestan province. Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 13(2): 104-201. (In Persian).

26.  Mureithi, S.M., Verdoodt, A., Gachene, Ch.K., Njoka J.T., Wasonga, V.O., Stefaan, D.N., Meyerhoff E.,  Ranst, E.V.,  2014. Impact of enclosure management on soil properties and microbial biomass in a restored semi-arid rangeland Kenya, Journal of Arid Land, 6 (5): 561-570.

27.  Sanadgol, A., Moghadam, M., Jafari, M., 2002. Effects of short-term grazing on some soil physical and chemical characteristics in a Bromus tomentellus pasture. Iranian Journal of Natural Resources, 55 (4): 581- 597 (In Persian).

28.  Noormets, A., Epron, D., Domec, J.C., McNulty, S.G., Fox, T., Sun, G., King, J.S., 2015. Effects of forest management on productivity and carbon sequestration: A review and hypothesis. Forest Ecology and Management, 355: 124–140.

29.  Musa Hasankhani, M., Eshaghei Rad, J., Asadpour, A., 2010. Investigation of Exclosure effects in composition & density of vegetation and soil conditions in forest region Baft-Kerman. Journal of Renewable Natural Resources Research, 1 (3): 41-52. (In Persian)

30.  Alizadeh‚ M., Mahdavi‚ M., Mahdavi, S.KH., 2009. Influences of grazing and exclosure on carbon sequestration Artemisia sieberi Besser (Case study:Artemisia rangeland Rudshur, Saveh). Journal of Plant Ecophysiology, Azad University of Arsanjan Branch, 1 (3): 89-100. (In Persian)

31.  Salehi, A., noormohammadi, E., 2012. Effect of grazed and surface scrafication on soil properties and regeneration in centeral Zagros forests (Case study: Aleshtar city forests). Journal of Forest and Wood Products, 3 (4): 315-325. (In Persian)

32.  Mahmodi taleghani, E., Zahedi amiri, GH., Adeli, E., Saghebtalebi, KH., 2007. Assessment of carbon sequestration in soil layers of managed forest. Iranian Journal of forest and poplar Research, 15(3): 241-252. (In Persian)

33.  Firinioglu, H.K., Seefeldt, S.S., Sahin, B., 2007. The effects of long-term grazing exclosures on range plants in the central Anatolian region of turkey.Journal of environment management, l39: 326- 337.

34.  Nosetto, M.D., Jobbagy, E.G., Paruelo, J.M., 2006. Carbon sequestration in semi-arid rangelands: Comparison of Pinus ponderosa plantations and grazing exclusion in NW Patagonia. Journal of Arid Environments, 67: 142–156.