مقایسه پایداری تودههای دست کاشت زربین (Cupressus sempervirens L var. horizontalis)و کاج بروسیا Pinus brutia Ten)) در شهرستان رامیان
محورهای موضوعی :
منابع طبیعی
آیناز چرکزی
1
,
مجتبی امیری
2
,
هومن روانبخش
3
,
داوود مقدسی
4
1 - کارشناسی ارشد جنگلشناسی و اکولوژی جنگل دانشکده کویرشناسی، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران.
2 - استادیار دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
3 - استادیار موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران
4 - کارشناس ارشد اداره کل منابع طبیعی و آبخیزداری استان گلستان
تاریخ دریافت : 1395/08/05
تاریخ پذیرش : 1395/10/08
تاریخ انتشار : 1400/11/01
کلید واژه:
شهرستان رامیان,
کاج بروسیا,
جنگلکاری,
ضریب قدکشیدگی,
زربین,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف :یکی از شاخصهای پایداری درختان ضریب قدکشیدگی میباشد، که از نسبت بین ارتفاع کل به قطر برابرسینه درخت بهدست میآید و میتواند راهنمای بسیار خوبی در عملیات پرورشی باشد. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی ضریب قدکشیدگی گونههای زربین (Cupressus sempervirens var hotizontalis) و کاج بروسیا (Pinus bruti Ten) جنگلکاری شده در شهرستان رامیان میباشد.روش بررسی: به این منظور پس از جنگلگردشی و بازدید از منطقه دو توده زربین و کاج بروسیا شناسایی و سپس در داخل هر یک از آنها 4 قطعه نمونه 1 هکتاری مشخص شد. برای سهولت در برداشت دادهها هر کدام از قطعات نمونه انتخاب شده به 4 قطعه کوچکتر 2500 مترمربعی تقسیم گردید. در نهایت مشخصههای کمی درختان شامل؛ قطر برابرسینه تا دقت سانتیمتر، ارتفاع کل تا دقت متر، برای تعیین ضریب قدکشیدگی اندازهگیری و ثبت شد. جهت مقایسه پایداری تودههای زربین و کاج بروسیا در منطقه مورد مطالعه از شاخصهای پایداری بروشل و هاوس استفاده شد. همچنین برای تجزیه و تحلیل مشخصههای کمی درختان دو توده از آزمون t مستقل استفاده گردید.یافتهها : در این پژوهش کمترین میانگین ضریب قدکشیدگی برای کاج بروسیا 4/59 درصد و بیشترین آن برای گونه زربین با 4/68 درصد حاصل شد، که با توجه به معیار بروشل و هاوس مشخص شد کاج بروسیا به دلیل داشتن ضریب لاغری کمتر دارای پایداری بیشتری نسبت به گونه زربین است. همچنین، نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که بین قطر برابرسینه و ضریب قدکشیدگی درختان یک رابطه کاهشی وجود دارد و با افزایش قطر، ضریب قدکشیدگی کاهش مییابد که این خود سبب افزایش پایداری درخت میشود. بحث و نتیجهگیری: بهطورکلی میتوان گفت که کاج بروسیا به دلیل پایداری بیشتر یعنی (80>h/d) نسبت به گونه بومی زربین گونه موفقتری برای جنگلکاری در منطقه رامیان و مناطق مشابه بوده است. بنابراین بهمنظور افزایش پایداری تودههای زربین میتوان اجرای عملیات پرورشی بهموقع و مناسب را در این تودهها پیشنهاد کرد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Background and Objective: Tree slenderness coefficient (The ratio of total height to diameter at breast height) is one of the most important indicators of tree stability against the wind and shows the environmental properties of the forest sites therefore it will be a good guide for silvicultural operation. The aim of this study is analyzing and surveying of elongation coefficient for the species of Cypress and Brutia Pine in Ramian forest plantations.Material and Methodology: after the primary assessment of the region and selecting the intended forest stands including Cypress and Brutia Pine, four plots of one hectare (100×100 m) were determined in each stand. Then on hectare divided to 4 plot 2500m2. In each plot quantitative parameters of trees including diameter and total height were measured. To study the stability of cypress and pine plantations, Burschel & Huss stability indexes were used. Independent t test was applied to compare the quantitative parameters of species.Finding: According to the results, there was a decreasing relationship between diameter and elongation coefficient as when the diameter is increased, the total height will be decreased and resulted in more stability of the trees. In this research, the least amount of elongation coefficient was for Pinus brutia (59.4%) and the highest amount was for Cupressus sempervirens (68.4%). According to, Burschel & Huss stability indexes, P. brutia was more stable than the other species because of the less slenderness ratio.Discussion and Conclusion: In general, it can be concluded that P. brutia is more successful species than C. sempervirense for afforestation in Ramian and similar regions. To improve the stability of cypress stands, scheduled and appropriated silvicultural operation is suggested.
منابع و مأخذ:
Eslami, A. R; Jahanaray, M.R; Habibi Bibalani, Gh; Hasani, 2013. Effect of thinning operations on maple (Acer velutinum) plantations (Case study: Mazandaran Wood and Paper Company's Forest Management Project). Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research. 21 (1): 76-85. (In Persian)
Forouzesh-Sotgavaberi, R; Ahmadi, M.T; Etemad, V; Saeidi H.R. 2009. Investigation on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of 19-years old plantation of Caucasian alder (Alnus subcordata) in Siahkal region. Iranian Journal of Forest. 1, (2): 137-150. (In Persian)
Hematti, A; Khanjani Shiraz, B; Ghaderi Vangah, B. 2009. Elimination trial on some of important conifers in Asalem forests. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research .17 (1): 64-72
Soofizadeh, N. Hosseini, S. M., and Tabari, M. 2010. Effect of seed sowing date, irrigation and weed control on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Pinus brutia seedlings in nursery. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research. 18: 1.77-89. (In Persian)
Sadeghzadeh-Halaj, M.H. and Rostaghi, A.A. 2011. Study on growth performance of Turkish pine (Case study: Arabdagh afforestation plan, Golestan Province). Iranian Journal of Forest. 3:3. 201-212. (In Persian)
Mohammad-nejad Kiasari, Sh. Sagheb Talebi, Kh. Rahmani, E. Adeli. Jafari, B. and Jafarzadeh, H. 2010. Quantitive and qualitative evalution of plantation and natural forest at Darabkola, east of Mazandran. Iranian Journal of forest and Poplar Research. 18: 3.351-337. (In Persian)
Gallis, A.T., Doulis, A.G., Papageorgiou, A.C., 2007. Variability of Cortex terpene Composition in Cupressus sempervirens L. provenances grown in Crete, Greece. Silvac Genetica, 6, 294-299.
Akhavan, R. and Namiranian, M, Slenderness coefficient of five major tree species in the Hyrcanian of Iran. 2007. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research. Iranian Journal of forest and Poplar Research. 15 (2):165-180. (In Persian)
Orzel, S., 2007. A Comparative Analysis of Slenderness of the Main Tree Species of the Niepolomice Forest. EJPAU Forestry, 2, 13.
Tiry Mashhadsar, I. Hosenpoor, A. Kiadaliry, H. Ghazi, S. Taghipoor Golsefidi, A. and Alipoor, B. 2011. Comparing Hand Planted Piless (Cupressus Sempervirens L, Var. Horizontalis) Stand Stability According to Burschel and Huss Scale in Babol City. Journal of Sciences and Techniques in Natural Resources. 6: 2. 27-47. (In Persian)
Liu, X., Silinus, U., Lieffers, V.J., Man, R., 2003. Stem hydraulic properties and growth in lodge pole pine stands following thinning and sway treatment. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 33, 1295- 1303.
Namiranian, M. 2000. A study on dimensional characters of beech species in Gorazbon district, Kheyrudkenar Forest. Iranian journal Natural Research. 53 (1): 87-96. (In Persian)
Ahmadi, A. Fallah, A. 2009. Investigation on increment and wood production of Cupressus sempervirens L. var. horizontalis in Kordkuy plantation forest. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research. 17(4): 607-14. (In Persian)
Khorankeh, S. A. Sardabi, H. Mosazadeh, S. A. Barimany, H. and Dehbandy, A. R. 2006. Pilot trial of three pine species at Caspian eastern littoral of Iran.Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research. 14 (1): 59-66. (In Persian)
Pilehvar B, Sayedena V, Soosani J, Jafari Sarabi H. 2015. Assessment of Needle Leaves and Broad Leaves Afforested Stands in Makhmalkooh Forest Park. 1 (2): 47-62. (In Persian)
Khosravi, M. Derikovandy, A. and Taseh, M. 2015. Study of Quality and Quantity Trees in Shourab ECO-Park of Khorramabad. Journal of Zagros Forests Researches. 1(2): 57-73.(In Persian)
Wang, Y., Titus, S. J., LeMay, V. M., 1998. Relationships between tree slenderness coefficients and tree or stand characteristics for major species in boreal mixed wood forests.Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 8, 1171-1183.
Rudnicki, M., Silinus, U., Lieffers, V. J., 2004. Crown Cover is correlated with relative density, tree slenderness and tree height in lodgepole pine. Forest science, 50, 356-363.
Oyebade, B. A., Eguakun, F. S., Egberibin, A., 2015. Tree slenderness coefficient (TSC) and tree growth characteristics (TGCS) for Pinus caribaea in Omo Forest Reserve, Nigeria.Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology, 3, 56-62.
Anonymous, 2008. Forestry plan, Department of Natural Resources and Watershed management in Golestan Province. Forests, Range and Watershed Management Organization, Iran, 284p. (In Persian)
Mohmmadnezhad, Kiasari. S. Amini, S. A. Barimani, V. Najafi, F. and farsdi, M. 2012. Adaptation of the Most Important Conifers of Neka Forests (Kohsarkandeh). Iranian Journal of Natural Resources. 65(2):199-209. (In Persian)
Mostafanezhad, S.R; Sadati, S.E; Espahbodi, K; and Khorenkeh, S. 2011. Elimination trial of four species from Pinaceae in the low-lands of Chamestan, Iran. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research. 19 (1):1-14 (In Persian)
Ahmadlou, F. Tabari, Yousefzadeh, H. 2009. Study of seed germination and seedling survival of Pinus brutia ten. In different soils of nursery. J. of Wood a Forest Science and Technology. 16 (3): 61-76. (In Persian)
Shater, Z., de-Miguel, S., Kraid, B., Pukkala, T., Palahi, M., 2011. A growth and yield model for even-aged Pinus brutia. Ten. Stands in Syria. Annuals of Forest Science, 68. 149-157.
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Eslami, A. R; Jahanaray, M.R; Habibi Bibalani, Gh; Hasani, 2013. Effect of thinning operations on maple (Acer velutinum) plantations (Case study: Mazandaran Wood and Paper Company's Forest Management Project). Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research. 21 (1): 76-85. (In Persian)
Forouzesh-Sotgavaberi, R; Ahmadi, M.T; Etemad, V; Saeidi H.R. 2009. Investigation on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of 19-years old plantation of Caucasian alder (Alnus subcordata) in Siahkal region. Iranian Journal of Forest. 1, (2): 137-150. (In Persian)
Hematti, A; Khanjani Shiraz, B; Ghaderi Vangah, B. 2009. Elimination trial on some of important conifers in Asalem forests. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research .17 (1): 64-72
Soofizadeh, N. Hosseini, S. M., and Tabari, M. 2010. Effect of seed sowing date, irrigation and weed control on some quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Pinus brutia seedlings in nursery. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research. 18: 1.77-89. (In Persian)
Sadeghzadeh-Halaj, M.H. and Rostaghi, A.A. 2011. Study on growth performance of Turkish pine (Case study: Arabdagh afforestation plan, Golestan Province). Iranian Journal of Forest. 3:3. 201-212. (In Persian)
Mohammad-nejad Kiasari, Sh. Sagheb Talebi, Kh. Rahmani, E. Adeli. Jafari, B. and Jafarzadeh, H. 2010. Quantitive and qualitative evalution of plantation and natural forest at Darabkola, east of Mazandran. Iranian Journal of forest and Poplar Research. 18: 3.351-337. (In Persian)
Gallis, A.T., Doulis, A.G., Papageorgiou, A.C., 2007. Variability of Cortex terpene Composition in Cupressus sempervirens L. provenances grown in Crete, Greece. Silvac Genetica, 6, 294-299.
Akhavan, R. and Namiranian, M, Slenderness coefficient of five major tree species in the Hyrcanian of Iran. 2007. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research. Iranian Journal of forest and Poplar Research. 15 (2):165-180. (In Persian)
Orzel, S., 2007. A Comparative Analysis of Slenderness of the Main Tree Species of the Niepolomice Forest. EJPAU Forestry, 2, 13.
Tiry Mashhadsar, I. Hosenpoor, A. Kiadaliry, H. Ghazi, S. Taghipoor Golsefidi, A. and Alipoor, B. 2011. Comparing Hand Planted Piless (Cupressus Sempervirens L, Var. Horizontalis) Stand Stability According to Burschel and Huss Scale in Babol City. Journal of Sciences and Techniques in Natural Resources. 6: 2. 27-47. (In Persian)
Liu, X., Silinus, U., Lieffers, V.J., Man, R., 2003. Stem hydraulic properties and growth in lodge pole pine stands following thinning and sway treatment. Canadian Journal of Forest Research. 33, 1295- 1303.
Namiranian, M. 2000. A study on dimensional characters of beech species in Gorazbon district, Kheyrudkenar Forest. Iranian journal Natural Research. 53 (1): 87-96. (In Persian)
Ahmadi, A. Fallah, A. 2009. Investigation on increment and wood production of Cupressus sempervirens L. var. horizontalis in Kordkuy plantation forest. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research. 17(4): 607-14. (In Persian)
Khorankeh, S. A. Sardabi, H. Mosazadeh, S. A. Barimany, H. and Dehbandy, A. R. 2006. Pilot trial of three pine species at Caspian eastern littoral of Iran.Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research. 14 (1): 59-66. (In Persian)
Pilehvar B, Sayedena V, Soosani J, Jafari Sarabi H. 2015. Assessment of Needle Leaves and Broad Leaves Afforested Stands in Makhmalkooh Forest Park. 1 (2): 47-62. (In Persian)
Khosravi, M. Derikovandy, A. and Taseh, M. 2015. Study of Quality and Quantity Trees in Shourab ECO-Park of Khorramabad. Journal of Zagros Forests Researches. 1(2): 57-73.(In Persian)
Wang, Y., Titus, S. J., LeMay, V. M., 1998. Relationships between tree slenderness coefficients and tree or stand characteristics for major species in boreal mixed wood forests.Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 8, 1171-1183.
Rudnicki, M., Silinus, U., Lieffers, V. J., 2004. Crown Cover is correlated with relative density, tree slenderness and tree height in lodgepole pine. Forest science, 50, 356-363.
Oyebade, B. A., Eguakun, F. S., Egberibin, A., 2015. Tree slenderness coefficient (TSC) and tree growth characteristics (TGCS) for Pinus caribaea in Omo Forest Reserve, Nigeria.Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology, 3, 56-62.
Anonymous, 2008. Forestry plan, Department of Natural Resources and Watershed management in Golestan Province. Forests, Range and Watershed Management Organization, Iran, 284p. (In Persian)
Mohmmadnezhad, Kiasari. S. Amini, S. A. Barimani, V. Najafi, F. and farsdi, M. 2012. Adaptation of the Most Important Conifers of Neka Forests (Kohsarkandeh). Iranian Journal of Natural Resources. 65(2):199-209. (In Persian)
Mostafanezhad, S.R; Sadati, S.E; Espahbodi, K; and Khorenkeh, S. 2011. Elimination trial of four species from Pinaceae in the low-lands of Chamestan, Iran. Iranian Journal of Forest and Poplar Research. 19 (1):1-14 (In Persian)
Ahmadlou, F. Tabari, Yousefzadeh, H. 2009. Study of seed germination and seedling survival of Pinus brutia ten. In different soils of nursery. J. of Wood a Forest Science and Technology. 16 (3): 61-76. (In Persian)
Shater, Z., de-Miguel, S., Kraid, B., Pukkala, T., Palahi, M., 2011. A growth and yield model for even-aged Pinus brutia. Ten. Stands in Syria. Annuals of Forest Science, 68. 149-157.