طراحی مدل توسعه پایدار خوشه های صنعتی
محورهای موضوعی : توسعه پایداراحمد جعفرنژاد 1 , منصور مومنی 2 , علی مروتی شریف آبادی 3 , محمد کریمی زارچی 4
1 - استاد گروه مدیریت صنعتی، دانشکده مدیریت دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
2 - استاد گروه مدیریت صنعتی، دانشکده مدیریت دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
3 - دانشیار گروه مدیریت صنعتی، دانشکده اقتصاد، مدیریت و حسابداری دانشگاه یزد، یزد، ایران
4 - دکتری مدیریت صنعتی، دانشکده مدیریت دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران. *(مسوول مکاتبات)
کلید واژه: توسعه پایدار, خوشه صنعتی, نظریه داده بنیاد, صنایع کوچک و متوسط,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: خوشه های صنعتی، گروهی از بنگاه های اقتصادی و سازمان های مرتبط در یک محدوده خاص هستند که از نظر جغرافیایی به هم نزدیک و در ارتباط با یکدیگر هستند. خوشه های صنعتی، نقش مهمی در توسعه اقتصادی در سطح منطقه ای و ملی دارند. هدف این پژوهش، ارایه یک مدل بومی برای توسعه پایدار خوشه های صنعتی می باشد. روش بررسی: در این پژوهش، از روش "نظریه داده بنیاد" استفاده شده است. داده های موردنیاز تحقیق، از طریق نمونه گیری نظری و مصاحبه با عاملین توسعه خوشه (CDA) گردآوری شده است. ضمنا، تعداد نمونه تحقیق، 18 نفر بوده است. یافته ها: نتایج این تحقیق، یک مدل بومی برای توسعه پایدار خوشه های صنعتی می باشد. پس از جمع آوری داده های تحقیق، 3 مرحله کدگذاری شامل کدگذاری باز، کدگذاری محوری و کدگذاری گزینشی انجام گرفته است. مدل ارایه شده، دارای 7 بعد اصلی و 25 بعد فرعی می باشد که روابط ان ها در مدل براساس روابط علی و معلولی می باشد. بحث و نتیجه گیری: نتایج تحقیق نشان می دهد که توسعه پایدار خوشه های صنعتی باید به صورت پیوسته و همه جانبه انجام گیرد و در فرآیند توسعه، علاوه بر عوامل اقتصادی، باید به عوامل زیست محیطی و اجتماعی نیز توجه شود. مدل ارایه شده، دارای رویکردی همه جانبه و چند بعدی به توسعه خوشه های صنعتی است و می تواند توسط عاملین توسعه به منظور تحقق توسعه پایدار به کار گرفته شود. در تدوین مدل حاضر، فضای کسب وکار و شرایط توسعه خوشه های صنعتی در ایران درنظرگرفته شده است.
Background and Objectives: The industrial clusters are a group of enterprises and related organizations in a particular area, which are geographically close and have relevance with each other. Industrial clusters have an important role in economic development both at the national and regional levels. This paper aims to present a native model for sustainable cluster development. Method: In this research, the "Grounded Theory" method has been used. The required data has been collected through a theoretical sampling method and a semi-structured interview with Cluster Development Agents (CDA(. Meanwhile, the number of research samples was 18. Findings: In this research, a native model is presented for the sustainable development of industrial clusters. After collecting the research data, three coding steps were performed including open coding, axial coding and selective coding. The proposed model has 7 main dimensions and 25 sub-dimensions, and their relationships in the model are based on causal relationships. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of research show that sustainable development of industrial clusters should be carried out continuously and comprehensively and in the process of development, in addition to economic factors, environmental and social factors must be considered. The proposed model has a multidimensional and multidimensional approach to the development of industrial clusters and can be used by development agents in order to achieve sustainable development. In developing the present model, the business climate and the conditions for the development of industrial clusters in Iran have been considered.
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- Svetlicic, M. & Gilmore, A. & Cummins, D. 2007. Internationalization of Small and Medium – size Enterprises from selected central European economies. Eastern European Economics, Vol.45, pp.36-65.
- Moarafi, A, Ashtiani, Vahid, Ilanlou, M, Solaymani, GH. 2013). "Industrial Cluster Development Management". Tehran, Mehr Sajad Publications. (In Persian)
- Campbell-Kelly, M., Danilevsky, M., Garcia-Swartz, D. D., & Pederson, S. 2010. Clustering in the creative industries: Insights from the origins of computer software. Industry & Innovation, Vol. 17, pp.309-329.
- Zhao, W., Watanabe, C., & Griffy-Brown, C., 2009. Competitive advantage in an industry cluster: The case of Dalian Software Park in China. Technology in Society, Vol.31, pp.139-149.
- Watson, A., 2008. Global music city: Knowledge and geographical proximity in London's recorded music industry. Area, Vol.40, pp.12-23.
- Porter, M.E., 1990. The Competitive Advantage of Nations. Macmillan, London.
- Porter, M.E., 2001. Cluster Innovation: Regional Foundation of U.S. Competitiveness. Council of Competitiveness, Washington D.C.
- UNIDO (2008). Small and medium sized enterprises. available at http//www.unido.org.
- Azizmohammadlou, H, Soleymani, G, Vahdat, S (2014). "Development Business Clusters in Iran (Achievements and Practical Experience)". Tehran, Aien mohammad Publications. (In Persian)
- Notash, H, mohammadi elyasi, GH, rezaeezadeh, M (2016). "Identifying the general competencies of Iranian cluster development agents". Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, Volume 8, Number 4. (In Persian)
- Zohurian, M, Rahimnia, F (2015). "Designing a model for sustainable Development of business Clusters in iran". Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, Volume 8, Number 27. (In Persian)
- Danaei fard, H, Emami, M (2007). "The Impact of Structure of Industrial Clusters on Entrepreneurship in Enterprises of Clusters Case Study: Isfahan's Precious Metals and Gemstones Cluster". Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, Volume 8, Number 30. (In Persian)
- Sosnovskikh, S., 2017. Industrial clusters in Russia: The development of special economic zones and industrial parks, Russian Journal of Economics, Vol.3, pp.174–199.
- Njos, R. & Jokobsen, s., 2016. Technology clusters versus industry clusters: resources, networks, and regional advantages Regional Studies, Regional Science, Vol.3, pp.146–169.
- Sarach, L., 2015. Analysis Of Cooperative Relationship In Industrial Cluster. Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol.191, pp.250 – 254.
- Khaki, GH (2011). "Research method with thesis approach". Tehran, Baztab Publications. (In Persian)
- Rupsiene, L. & Pranskuniene, R., 2010. The variety of grounded theory: Different versions of the same method or different methods? Social Sciences, Vol.70, pp.7-19.
- Straus, A, Corbin, J (2011). "Principles of Qualitative Research Methodology: Basic Theory, Procedures and Practices". Translator: Mohammad boiouki, Tehran, Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies. (In Persian)
- Danaei fard, H, Emami, M (2007). "Qualitative Research Strategies: Reflection on Grounded Theory". Volume 1, Number 2. (In Persian)
- Danaee Fard, H. & Eslami, A., 2010. Discovering Theory of Organizational Indifference: A Grounded Theory Strategy, European Journal of Scientific Research.