ارزیابی اثر بازدارندگی اکسید مس بر رشد و تراکم ریشه درمجاورت گسیلنده در آبیاری زیرسطحی
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت آب در مزرعه با هدف بهبود شاخص های مدیریتی آبیاریعادل امین پور 1 , حسینعلی بهرامی 2 , حجت قربانی واقعی 3
1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.
2 - استاد گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.
3 - استادیار گروه منابع طبیعی دانشگاه گنبد کاووس، گنبد، گلستان، ایران.
کلید واژه: گرفتگی نازلها, اکسید کنندههای معدنی, فلفل دلمه ای, رطوبت خاک, کپسول رسی متخلخل,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف: با توجه به رشد جمعیت و افزایش تقاضای جهانی به مواد غذایی، استفاده صحیح از منابع آب و خاک به ویژه در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک امری ضروری و اجتناب ناپذیر است. تامین منابع آب در اراضی زراعی و باغی به روش آبیاری سفالی از دیرباز در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک ایران مرسوم بوده است. با این وجود یکی از موانع توسعه این روش گرفتگی نازل های سفالی در اثر هجوم ریشه ها و مسدود شدن منافذ ناشی از رشد جلبک ها، قارچ ها و باکتری ها می باشد. ارائه راهحل کاربردی در مبارزه با هجوم ریشه به سمت دیواره نازل های آبیاری زیرسطحی سفالی (کپسول رسی متخلخل) از اهداف اصلی مقاله حاضر است. این تحقیق به دنبال بررسی اثر اکسید مس افزوده شده به دیواره کپسول های رسی متخلخل در مهار هجوم ریشه است.روش پژوهش: این پژوهش با هدف کاهش تراکم و توزیع ریشهها در مجاورت کپسول های رسی متخلخل، با بررسی اثر اکسید مس در دیواره نازل سفالی به عنوان یک ماده بازدارنده حرکت ریشه در قالب طرح کاملاً تصادفی با 4 تیمار با غلظت های صفر (شاهد)، ppm 1000 ، ppm 5000 و ppm10000 مس) در 3 تکرار در گلخانه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس در سال 1401 بر روی گیاه فلفل دلمه ای رقم 302 انجام شد. در این آزمایش اندازهگیری حجم، طول و وزن خشک ریشه، وزن تر برگ و ساقه، وزن خشک برگ و ساقه و نسبت وزن خشک برگ/ریشه در پایان مرحله رشد رویشی گیاه فلفل دلمهای انجام شد.یافتهها: نتایج نشان داد که سطوح مس بر حجم و طول ریشه گیاه فلفل دلمه ای تاثیر معنی داری نداشته است، اما بر وزن خشک ریشه تاثیر معنی داری داشت. بیشترین وزن خشک ریشه ( 27/3 گرم) در سطح احتمال 5 درصد مربوط به سطح ppm 10000 سولفات مس بدست آمد. همچنین نتایج بررسی سیستم توزیع ریشه نشان داد که پراکنش توزیع ریشه در تیمار شاهد در همه جهت یکسان بوده است در حالی که در تیمار ppm 10000 سولفات مس این پراکنش در اطراف دیواره کپسول رسی متخلخل به شدت محدود شده بود به طوری که بیشترین تجمع ریشه به دور گسیلندهها مربوط به تیمار شاهد و کمترین تجمع ریشه در تیمار ppm 10000 قابل مشاهده بود. نتایج نشان داد، کپسولهای رسی متخلخل در تیمار شاهد به شدت مورد هجوم ریشه گیاه قرار گرفته بودند و ریشه ها بطور کامل دور کپسول های رسی متخلخل را احاطه کرده بودند. بنابراین افزودن سولفات مس به دیواره کپسول رسی متخلخل و تثبیت آن در منافذ آن به صورت اکسید مس، اثرات مثبتی در مهار هجوم ریشه گیاه به نازل های سفالی به همراه داشته است.نتیجهگیری: نتایج نشان داد که افزایش غلظت اکسید مس در دیواره سرامیکی کپسول رسی متخلخل، توانسته بود از چسبانندگی ریشه به دیواره بکاهد. در برش عرضی گلدان ها هجوم و تراکم ریشه روی سطح کپسول رسی متخلخل شاهد بصورت ملموسی قابل رویت و مشاهده بود. در حالی که کمترین تراکم ریشه اطراف کپسولهای رسی متخلخل مربوط به تیمار ppm 10000 مشاهده شد.
Background and Aim: Due to the population growth and the increase in global demand for food security, the correct use of water and soil resources, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, is necessary and inevitable. Providing water sources in agricultural and garden lands by clay irrigation method has been customary in arid and semi-arid regions of Iran for a long time. However, the development of this method has not received much attention due to the invasion of the roots into the clay nozzles and the clogging of the pores caused by the growth of algae, fungi, and bacteria. One of the main goals of this article is to provide a practical solution to combat root invasion towards the wall of clay subsurface irrigation nozzles (porous clay capsules). This research seeks to investigate the effect of copper oxide added to the porous clay capsule wall in inhibiting root invasion. Method: This research aims to reduce the density and distribution of roots in the vicinity of porous clay capsules, by investigating the effect of copper oxide on the wall of the clay nozzle as an inhibitor of root movement in the form of a completely randomized design with 4 treatments with zero concentrations (control). 1000ppm, 5000ppm and 10000ppm copper) in 3 replications in the research greenhouse of Tarbiat Modares University in 1401 on sweet pepper variety 302. In this experiment, the volume, length and dry weight of root, fresh weight of leaf and stem, dry weight of leaf and stem and ratio of dry weight of leaf/root were measured at the end of vegetative growth stage of the bell pepper plant. Results: The results showed that copper levels did not have a significant effect on the volume and length of the bell pepper plant's root, but it had a significant effect on the dry weight of the root. The highest root dry weight (3.27 grams) was obtained at the probability level of 5% corresponding to the level of 10000 ppm of copper sulfate. Also, the results of the investigation of the root distribution system showed that the distribution of the root distribution in the control treatment was the same in all directions, while in the 10000 ppm copper sulfate treatment, this distribution was severely limited around the wall of the clay nozzles, so that the most the root accumulation around the nozzles was related to the control treatment and the lowest root accumulation was visible in the 10000 ppm treatment. The results showed that the highest development of the root system around the nozzles was related to the control treatment and the lowest was observed in the 10000 ppm treatment in the control treatment, the porous clay capsule were heavily invaded by plant roots and the roots completely surrounded the porous clay capsules. Therefore, adding copper sulfate to the wall of the porous clay capsule and fixing it in its pores as copper oxide has had positive effects in inhibiting the invasion of plant roots into clay nozzles.
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