بررسی تغییرات آب مجازی محصولات زراعی در عرض‌های جغرافیایی مختلف شرق کشور
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت آب در مزرعه با هدف بهبود شاخص های مدیریتی آبیاریعلی عارفی نیا 1 , خالد احمدآلی 2
1 - دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد منابع آب، گروه آبیاری و آبادانی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
2 - استادیار پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران.
کلید واژه: عرض جغرافیایی, نیاز آبی, آب مجازی, محصولات غالب, عملکرد محصولات زراعی,
چکیده مقاله :
دما یک عامل کلیدی در میزان عملکرد، نیازآبی و درنتیجه آب مجازی محصولات مختلف کشاورزی است. لذا بررسی اثر عرض جغرافیایی به عنوان یکی از موثرترین عوامل بر آب مجازی محصولات کشاورزی ب ضروری است. در این تحقیق محتوای آب مجازی نُه محصول عمده زراعی یعنی گندم، جو، یونجه، چغندرقند، ذرت، هندوانه، گوجه، پیاز و سیب‌زمینی در استانهای شرقی با استفاده از آمار 20 ساله محاسبه گردید. سپس با استفاده از نرم‌افزار ArcGIS، متوسط آب مجازی هریک از محصولات در عرض‌های جغرافیایی از 25 تا 38 درجه شمالی به فواصل یک‌درجه محاسبه شده و مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. بررسی میزان همبستگی بین آب مجازی با نیازآبی و عملکرد محصولات نشان داد که میانگین آب‌مجازی با میانگین نیاز آبی محصولات مورد بررسی همبستگی مستقیم به اندازه 65 درصد و با میانگین عملکرد آنها 74 درصد همبستگی معکوس دارد. مقادیر میانگین آب مجازی محصولات مورد بررسی از کمترین به بیشترین عبارتست از 19/0، 38/0، 45/0، 46/0، 53/0، 57/0، 59/1، 69/1 و 80/1 هزار مترمکعب بر تن که به ترتیب مربوط محصولات ذرت، چغندرقند، پیاز، ، هندوانه، گوجه، سیب‌زمینی، یونجه، جو و گندم می‌باشد. نتایج نشان داد که الگوی تغییرات تابع آب مجازی محصولات مورد بررسی نسبت به متغیر مستقل عرض جغرافیایی در همه موارد گوسی شکل است که علیرغم مقادیر ماگزیمم متفاوت آب مجازی، این مقادیر، در بازه‌ی مکانی 30 تا 33 درجه عرض شمالی اتفاق افتاده است و با دور شدن از بازه ذکر شده به سمت عرض‌های بالاتر و یا پایین‌تر محتوی آب مجازی همه محصولات کاهش می‌یابد.
Temperature is a key factor in yield, crop water requirement, and then virtual water of various agricultural products. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the effect of latitude as one of the most effective factors on the variation of virtual water of agricultural products. In this research, the virtual water content of nine major plants including wheat, barley, alfalfa, sugar beet, corn, watermelon, tomato, onion and potato in four eastern provinces (including 56 cities) of Iran was calculated based on 20-year statistical data. Then, the average virtual water of each plant was calculated in different latitudes from 〖25〗^° to 〖38〗^°N at 1^° intervals using ArcGIS software. The regression between the average virtual water with crop water requirement and yield of the products revealed a positive correlation between virtual water and crop water requirement (r=0.65) and a negative correlation between virtual water and yield (r= 0.74). The average virtual water from the lowest to the highest was 0.19, 0.38, 0.45, 0.46, 0.53, 0.57, 1.59, 1.69, and 1.80 thousand cubic meters per ton for corn, sugar beet, onion, watermelon, tomato, potato, alfalfa, barley, and wheat, respectively. The results showed that the variation pattern of virtual water of the studied products across different latitude was Gaussian. Despite the different maximum values of virtual water, they occurred in the latitude range of 〖30〗^° to 〖33〗^° N and by moving away from the mentioned range to higher or lower latitude, the virtual water content of all products decreases.
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