تغییرات کیفیت خاک‌هایی با رژیم‌های رطوبتی مختلف در اثر زراعت: با تاکید بر کیفیت فیزیکی خاک
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت آب در مزرعه با هدف بهبود شاخص های مدیریتی آبیاری
دلنیا باپیری
1
(
گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه
)
حبیب خداوردیلو
2
(
عضو هیات علمی-دانشگاه ارومیه
)
محسن برین
3
(
دانشگاه ارومیه
)
یوبرت قوستا
4
(
دانشگاه ارومیه
)
کلید واژه: توزیع اندازه منافذ خاک, کیفیت فیزیکی خاک, فروسایی خاک, عملیات کشاورزی,
چکیده مقاله :
عملیات کشاورزی می‌تواند پیامدهایی گزندزا بر کیفیت خاک‌ها داشته باشد. آگاهی از تغییرات زمانی کیفیت خاک در اراضی کشاورزی برای مدیریت بهینه زمین‌ها و رسیدن به بیشینه بهره‌وری اقتصادی ضروری است. در این پژوهش، برخی ویژگی‌های فیزیکی چهار خاک زراعی با خاک‌های شاهد غیرزراعی همجوار آن‌ها مقایسه گردید. در هر منطقه مورد مطالعه، چهار نمونه خاک (شامل دو نمونه خاک زراعی و دو نمونه خاک غیرزراعی مجاور آن) انتخاب گردید. حساسیت به تشکیل سله، منحنی رطوبتی خاک، توزیع اندازه ذرات و منافذ خاک، مقاومت مکانیکی، مقدار رطوبت در دسترس و مقدار تخلخل تهویه‌ای، ظرفیت زراعی نسبی، گنجایش آب انتگرالی اندازه‌گیری شدند. در اراضی تحت کشت، پایداری ساختمان خاکدانه‌ها، منافذ درشت و ظرفیت زراعی نسبت به اراضی غیرزراعی کاهش یافت. بااین حال، فراوانی منافذ ریز و حساسیت به تشکیل سله در اراضی تحت کشت افزایش نشان داد. می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که عملیات کشت و کار، موجب کاهش کیفیت و فروسایی خاک می‌گردد که باید با مدیریت مناسب از آن جلوگیری شود.
Agricultural practices may decline the quality of soils. Knowing the temporal changes of soil quality in the agriculture lands is crucial for optimal management of lands and to achieve the maximum economic efficiency. In this study, some physical characteristics of four cultivated soil were compared with neighboring non-cultivated soils as control treatments. A given site, four soil samples (including two soil samples from cultivated lands and the two soil samples from adjacent non-cultivated lands) were collected. Soil structural stability, soil moisture retention curves, particle size distribution and porosity of soil, mechanical strength, plant available water and aeration, relative field capacity, integral water capacity was measured. In the cultivated lands, soil structural stability, macroporosity and field capacity were decreased, while the microporosity and soil sensitivity to crusting were increased compared with the uncultivated lands. It could be concluded that agricultural practices decline the soil quality that should be avoided by proper soil management.
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