ارزیابی آلودگی ، بررسی ریسک سلامت و شاخص ریسک اکولوژیک عناصر بالقوه سمی در خاکهای سطحی(منطقه مورد مطالعه: بخش مرکزی شهرستان بندرعباس)
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت آب در مزرعه با هدف بهبود شاخص های مدیریتی آبیاری
طاهره مقتدری
1
(دانشگاه علوم و تحقیقات)
شهلا محمودی
2
(دانشگاه نهران)
عطا شاکری
3
(خوارزمی)
محمدحسن مسیح آبادی
4
(دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران)
کلید واژه: عناصر سمی, آلودگی خاک, ریسک سلامت انسان, شاخص ریسک اکولوژیک,
چکیده مقاله :
خاک در بخش جنوبی بندرعباس به‌دلیل وجود صنایع فلزی، غیرفلزی و پایانه صادراتی در معرض آلودگی عناصر بالقوه سمی قرار دارد. از این‌رو، تعیین سطح آلودگی و منشاء، ارزیابی شاخص ریسک اکولوژیک و همچنین ریسک سلامت برای تعیین کمّیت خطرات سرطان‌زایی و غیرسرطان‌زایی عناصر بالقوه سمی از اهداف اصلی این تحقیق است. بدین‌منظور تعداد 66 نمونه خاک جمع آوری و غلظت عناصر بالقوه سمی در آن‌ها اندازه‌گیری گردید و فاکتور غنی‌شدگی و تحلیل مؤلفه اصلی برای تعیین منشاء عناصر، مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. پتانسیل شاخص ریسک اکولوژیک بر اساس فاکتور سمیت بیولوژیکی هر عنصر برای تعیین سطح آلودگی محاسبه شد. ارزیابی ریسک سلامت و شاخص خطر از روش ارائه شده توسط سازمان حفاظت محیط‌زیست آمریکا از سه طریق بلع، تنفس و جذب پوستی به‌دست آمد. یافته‌ها حاکی از این است که میانگین ضریب غنی‌شدگی در نمونه‌های خاک به ترتیب مس، کادمیم، سرب، روی، آرسنیک، نیکل و کروم کاهش می‌یابد. مقدار میانگین ریسک اکولوژیک به ترتیب نشان‌دهنده ریسک متوسط و زیاد برای عناصر مس و کادمیم است. مقدار کل نسبت خطر برای تمام عناصر انتخابی از طریق بلع، تنفس و جذب پوستی در کودکان بیش‌تر از بزرگسالان است. نتایج شاخص‌های ژئوشیمیایی و آماری نشان داد که کادمیم، سرب، آرسنیک، مس و روی از نظر منشاء، بیش‌تر تحت تأثیر فعالیت‌های انسانزاد قرار دارند. آرسنیک، کروم و کادمیم به-عنوان عناصری که سلامت انسان را به مخاطره می‌اندازند شناسایی شدند و ریسک سرطان‌زایی در محدوده قابل تحمل برای سلامت انسان به‌دست آمد.
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