تعیین شاخص های مؤثر برای ارزیابی کیفیت خاک در کاربری های مختلف حوضه آبخیز چغاخور

محورهای موضوعی : مدیریت آب در مزرعه با هدف بهبود شاخص های مدیریتی آبیاری

پروانه محقق ¹ (دانشگاه شهرکرد)
مهدی نادری ² (دانشگاه شهرکرد)
جهانگرد محمدی ³ (دانشگاه شهرکرد)

تاریخ دریافت : 1394/10/26 تاریخ پذیرش : 1394/12/17 تاریخ انتشار : 1395/02/06

کلید واژه: تجزیه به مؤلفه های اصلی, شاخص کیفیت خاک, تجزیه تشخیص گام به گام,

چکیده مقاله :

برای بررسی کیفیت خاک، استفاده از شاخص‌های حساس خاک به مدیریت کاربری اراضی ضروری می‌باشد. از آن جائیکه رصد کلیه خصوصیات خاک، پرهزینه و طاقت فرسا است بنابراین تعداد محدودی از خصوصیات خاک توصیه می‌شود. این مطالعه با هدف مقایسه برخی خصوصیات خاک در کاربری‌های مختلف و تعیین حداقل ویژگی‌های مؤثر بر کیفیت خاک در حوضه آبخیز دریاچه چغاخور در استان چهارمحال و بختیاری انجام شد. بدین منظور با استفاده از روش ابر مکعب لاتین و با بهره گیری از نقشه‌‌های شیب، کاربری و خاک، مکان 125 نمونه سطحی (20-0 سانتیمتر) تعیین شد. پس از تیمارهای اولیه نمونه‌های خاک، 29 خصوصیت فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک‌ها به روش‌های استاندارد اندازه‌گیری شدند. نتایج مقایسه میانگینها در کاربریهای مختلف نشان داد که ویژگیهایی شامل میانگین وزنی قطر خاکدانه‌ها، آب قابل استفاده، گنجایش هوایی، شاخص دکستر، کربن آلی، کربن آلی ذره ای در خاکدانه های بزرگ، نسبت کربن آلی ذره ای در خاکدانه های بزرگ به کوچک، غلظت فسفر، آهن و مس به ترتیب در کاربری باغ، زمینهای زراعی، مراتع خوب، دیمزارها و مراتع ضعیف سیر نزولی داشتند. جهت تعیین شاخصهای مرثر بر ارزیابی کیفیت خاک در کاربریها تجزیه داده‌ها به مؤلفه های اصلی و تجزیه تشخیص گام به گام انجام شد و ویژگیهایی همانند پایداری خاکدانه ها در آب، اجزای بافت خاک، نسبت کربن آلی ذره ای در خاکدانه های درشت به خاکدانه های کوچک و غلظت عناصر سنگین مس و روی به عنوان حداقل مجموعه داده‌های حساس به کیفیت خاک گزینش شدند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

For assessing of soil quality, the sensitive indicators can be used in land use managements. Monitoring all soil characteristics is costly and laborious therefore, limited soil characteristics for this mean are recommended. The purposes of this study were comparing several soil attributes of different land use types and determination of minimum effective soil characteristics on soil quality in Chughakhor Basin, Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari Province, Iran. To fulfill the objectives slope, land use and soil maps and Latin Hypercube strategy were used and locations of 125 composite and surficial soil samples were determined. After pretreatment of soil samples, 29 soil physical and chemical characteristics were measured using appropriate methods. The mean comparison of different land uses showed that mean weighted aggregate diameter, available water content, air content, Dexter index, organic carbon, particle organic carbon in macro aggregate, the proportion of particle organic carbon in macro to in micro aggregates, P, Fe and Cu contents values of land use types were in the order Orchards>cultivated areas>Good rangelands>Dry land areas>Weak rangelands. For determination of effective indicators in soil quality assessing, the principle component analysis and stepwise discriminant analysis are used. The soil characters like water stable aggregates, soil texture elements, proportion of particle organic carbon in macro to in micro aggregates and soil Cu and Zn concentrations as minimum data set for soil quality assessment.

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