بررسی نقش مدیریت شهری در افزایش مشارکت های اجتماعی با تاکید بر محله محوری (مطالعه موردی: منطقه ۸ تهران)
محورهای موضوعی :
مطالعات توسعه اجتماعی ایران
رضا علی محسنی
1
,
بنیامین نعیمایی
2
1 - دانشیار جامعه شناسی و عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تهران مرکزی، تهران، ایران
2 - کارشناس ارشد علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه تهران
تاریخ دریافت : 1396/09/24
تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/09/24
تاریخ انتشار : 1396/06/01
کلید واژه:
مشارکت,
شهروندی,
مشارکت پذیری,
مدیریت شهری,
مدیریت محلی,
چکیده مقاله :
هر ساله برنامه های عمرانی- اجتماعی و فرهنگی مختلفی اجرا می شود که نقش شهروندان در آنها تا حدودی موثر است. اما سهم و میزان مشارکت شهروندان می تواند بیش از گذشته افزایش یابد. این اتفاق می تواند تحقق پذیری بیشتر برنامه ها و رویکرد اجتماعی شهرداری را تقویت کنداین پژوهش با هدف سنجش میزان بالفعل مشارکت شهروندان تهران در برنامه های مدیریت شهری، تدوین مدل و الگوی اجرایی و عملیاتی به منظور افزایش مشارکت پذیری صورت گرفته است. تحقیق از نوع توصیفی است که داده ها با ترکیبی از روش های کمی و کیفی جمع آوری شده است. بخش اول از طریق پیمایش و استفاده از فرمول کوکران با حجم نمونه 384 نفر با ابزار پرسشنامه در سطح محلات ۱۳گانه منطقه ۸ تهران تکمیل و تحلیل شده است. همچنین مصاحبه های فردی، نیمه متمرکز و فوکوس گروپ به منظور جمع آوری داده های کیفی از گروههای دیگر صورت گرفته است. یافته های پژوهش نشان می دهد به طور میانگین حدود ۶۰ درصد برنامه های اجرا شده توسط حوزه های مختلف شهرداری مشارکت مردمی را همراه خود داشته است اما عدم پایداری و تغییر اولویت ها منجر به کاهش مشارکت و استمرار آن شده است. همچنین عدم تعریف درست جایگاه شورایاری ها و سراهای محلات شکلی ناقص از مشارکت مردمی و بومی را رقم زده است. نتایج نشان می دهد اقدامات مدیریت شهری که میزان بالاتری از فرایند اطلاع رسانی و آگاهی سازی را داشته است با همراهی بیشتر شهروندان روبرو است.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Every year, many developmental, social and cultural plans are implemented in which citizens have a more or less prominent role. However, the role of citizens and their participation should be promoted to accelerate the implementation of plans and promote the social approach adopted by municipalities. Therefore, the present status of public participation and methods of its promotion should be investigated. The purpose of the research is to evaluate the actual participation of Tehran citizens in urban management plans and develop an operational model to promote public participation. The study is a descriptive one in which the data were collected by a mixed research method, i.e. both qualitative and quantitative. Based on Cochran’s sample size formula, the sample size is estimated to be 384. The first phase of the survey is completed by distributing a questionnaire between residents of the 13 neighborhoods in district eight in Tehran. The results indicate that almost 60 percent of all the plans implemented by departments and units of the municipality have included public participation; however, inconsistency and changes in priorities have caused a reduction in continued participation. Furthermore, the unclear definition of the role of Support Councils and Neighborhood Houses (Sara-ye Mahalleh) has resulted in ineffective public participation. The results indicate that if citizens are made well aware of the measures taken by urban management, they will cooperate more to have them implemented. The suggestions provided at the end of the research are meant to increase public participation and overcome the obstacles identified.
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World bank, A. (1999), urban and local government development strategy, World bank
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Zein abadi, M. (2008). A Survey on the Status of Trust in Iranian Society. Tehran: Research Institute for Strategic Research
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Alavitabar, A. (2000). Participation in city affairs administration.(2ed). Organization of municipalities of the country(iran)
Asghari zadeh, E. (2007). Public oversight and organizational development. tehran: Tehran municipality
Athari, Z. (2007). Public oversight and organizational development2. tehran: Tehran municipality
Bahadori, N. (2010). Citizenship Rights in Urban Management. tehran: the municipality of Tehran
Bo Gattis (2010). The Why's and How's of Citizen Satisfaction Surveys: An Examination of
Cities Alliance (2005), "The impact of city strategies, Washington D.C, USA
Cohen, J., 1999, “Changing Paradigms of Citizenship and the Exclusiveness of the Demos”, International Sociology, 14 (3): 245–268.
Doran, B & R. Abdolrahmani. (2009). Neighborhood identity. Concepts and Approaches of Neighborhood Development. tehran: tarheno
Ehterami, M. (2009). Sustainable social organization on a neighborhood scale. Popular participation and neighborhood development. tehran: tarheno
Ghaffary, Gh. & Azkia. (2001). the relationship between trust and social participation in kashan. tehran: Social Sciences Magazine
Ghaffary, Gh. (2004). Social trust in Iran. tehran: Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance
Ghaffary, Gh. (2011). Public Participation and Urban Affairs. Tehran: nashr jamee farhang
Kalantari, A. (2012). Debate on Citizen Participation in City Affairs. Tehran: tisa
Kamanroudi, M. 2009. Structural Constraints of the Municipality. Concepts and Approaches of Neighborhood Development. tehran: tarheno
Kaotry, H. (2000). Participation in development. Translate by Hadi GHebraei. Tehran: ravesh
Madani, S. (2010). Constituency-oriented congregations. Tehran: Yadavaran
Manfred, Josef. "Contextualization An Approach to Improve Participation in Urban Planning Processe.2005
Mohghar, A. (2009). Local management and sustainable development. Concepts and Approaches of Neighborhood Development. tehran: tarheno
Mollahasani, H. (2009). Social capital at the neighborhood level. Concepts and Approaches of Neighborhood Development. tehran: tarheno
Momtaz, F. (2000). City Sociology. tehran: Enteshar
Nasiri, M. (2009). The role of NGOs in social participation. Concepts and Approaches of Neighborhood Development. tehran: tarheno
Nejati Hosseini, M. (2010). Urban Management. Tehran: Urban Management Magazine
Nikbin, S. (2007). Women's cultural participation and family welfare. Tehran. farhang
Piran, P. (2000). Participatory Methods in the Study of Poverty. Tehran: university of social welfare and rehabilitation
Rahpouyan, P. (2009). Reviewing the views of the citizens of Tehran About the performance of the municipality of Tehran. tehran: the municipality of Tehran
Rasooli, B. (2013). Investigating the willingness of citizens to participate in the management and development of neighborhood parks in Tehran. Tehran: university of Tehran
Rezaei, A. (2006). Social Participation: The Purpose or Development Tool. Journal of Political and Economic Information.109-110
Shiani, M. (2012). Investigation of Social Factors Affecting Citizen Participation in Urban Affairs Management of Tehran.tehran: Journal of Urban Studies, Islamic Azad University.
Vahida, F. (2004). The Relationship between Family Structure and Social Participation. tehran: Social Sciences Magazine
World bank, A. (1999), urban and local government development strategy, World bank
Zahediasl, M. (2002). Basics of Social Welfare. Tehran: university of allame tabatabaei
Zein abadi, M. (2008). A Survey on the Status of Trust in Iranian Society. Tehran: Research Institute for Strategic Research