کشف فرصت های کارآفرینی فناورانه در حوزه نانوتکنولوژی
محورهای موضوعی :
مطالعات توسعه اجتماعی ایران
احسان قاسمی
1
,
مهرداد نوابخش
2
,
نصرت اله شادنوش
3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری مدیریت کارآفرینی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران (Email: ehsan.ghasemi777@gmail.com)
2 - استاد جامعه شناسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران (نویسنده مسئول) (Email: mehrdad_navabakhsh@yahoo.com)
3 - استادیار مدیریت صنعتی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران (Email: nos.shadnoosh@iauctb.ac.ir)
تاریخ دریافت : 1397/10/30
تاریخ پذیرش : 1398/10/24
تاریخ انتشار : 1398/08/01
کلید واژه:
کشف فرصت های کارآفرینی فناورانه,
کارآفرینی فناورانه,
نانوتکنولوژی,
کشف فرصت,
شرکت های دانش بنیان,
چکیده مقاله :
با کشف حوزه نانوتکنولوژی در دو دهه اخیر، زمینه بسیار مناسبی برای توسعه کارآفرینی پدید آمده است که از آن جمله می توان به کارآفرینی فناورانه نیز اشاره نمود. وجود بازارهای بسیار گسترده و گره خوردن حوزه های تحقیقاتی و علمی و نوآورانه، موجب شده است که این عرصه، کارآفرینان زیادی داشته باشد. در این بین، بررسی عوامل موثر بر کشف فرصت های کارآفرینی فناورانه می تواند از اهمیت زیادی برخوردار باشد. زیرا می توان با تقویت این عوامل، عرصه را برای کارآفرینی در حوزه نانوتکنولوژی توسعه داد. بررسی مطالعات صورت گرفته نشان می دهد که چنین مدلی در پژوهش های داخلی و خارجی مورد مطالعه قرار نگرفته است. از همین رو در پژوهش حاضر به بررسی پدیده کشف فرصت های کارآفرینی فناورانه در حوزه نانوتکنولوژی پرداخته شده است. به همین منظور در این پژوهش به مطالعه نظریات اساسی پیرامون کشف فرصت کارآفرینانه و همچنین سیر تکامل نظریاتی آن پرداخته شد. سپس به بررسی 11 شرکت دانش بنیان در حوزه نانوتکنولوژی پرداخته شد. تکنیک تجزیه و تحلیل در این پژوهش گراندد تئوری بوده و داده های جمع آوری شده از مصاحبه ها طی سه مرحله گدگذاری شد و در نهایت مدل نهایی به دست آمده ارائه گردید.
چکیده انگلیسی:
With the discovery of the field of nanotechnology in the last two decades, there has been a tremendous field of entrepreneurship development, including technological entrepreneurship. The existence of very large markets and the interconnection of research and scientific fields has led to a lot of entrepreneurship. Meanwhile, the study of factors affecting the discovery of technological entrepreneurship opportunities can be of great importance. Because these factors can be strengthened, they have expanded the field for entrepreneurship in the field of nanotechnology. A review of studies has shown that such a model has not been studied in internal and external research. Therefore, the present study investigates the phenomenon of discovering technological opportunities for entrepreneurship in the field of nanotechnology. For this purpose, the present paper studies the basic views on the discovery of entrepreneurial opportunities and the evolution of its theories. Then, 11 knowledge based companies in the field of nanotechnology were investigated. The analysis technique in this research is grounded in theory and the data collected from the interviews were taken in three stages and finally the final model was presented.
منابع و مأخذ:
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Godfrey, P. C., & Hill, C. W. (1995). The problem of unobservables in strategic management research. Strategic management journal, 16(7), 519-533.
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Mintzberg, H., & Waters, J. A. (1985). Of strategies, deliberate and emergent. Strategic management journal, 6(3), 257-272.
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Petti, C. (Ed.). (2009). Cases in technological entrepreneurship: Converting ideas into value. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Sarasvathy, S. D. (2001). Causation and effectuation: Toward a theoretical shift from economic inevitability to entrepreneurial contingency. Academy of management Review, 26(2), 243-263.
Sarasvathy, S. D. (2008). Effectuation: Elements of entrepreneurial expertise. Edward Elgar Publishing.
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Weick, K. (1979). The social psychology of organisations. Reading, Mass: Addison-Westly.
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Aldrich, H. E., & Kenworthy, A. (1999). The accidental entrepreneur: Campbellian antinomies and organizational foundings. Variations in organization science: In honor of Donald T. Campbell, 19-33.
Alvarez, S. A., & Barney, J. B. (2005). How do entrepreneurs organize firms under conditions of uncertainty?. Journal of management, 31(5), 776-793.
Alvarez, S. A., & Barney, J. B. (2007). Discovery and creation: Alternative theories of entrepreneurial action. Strategic entrepreneurship journal, 1(1‐2), 11-26.
Alvarez, S. A., & Barney, J. B. (2008). Opportunities, organizations, and entrepreneurship. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 2(4), 265.
Alvarez, S. A., & Busenitz, L. W. (2001). The entrepreneurship of resource-based theory. Journal of management, 27(6), 755-775.
Alvarez, S. A., Barney, J. B., & Anderson, P. (2013). Forming and exploiting opportunities: The implications of discovery and creation processes for entrepreneurial and organizational research. Organization Science, 24(1), 301-317.
Alvarez, S. A., Young, S. L., & Woolley, J. L. (2015). Opportunities and institutions: A co-creation story of the king crab industry. Journal of Business Venturing, 30(1), 95-112.
Arthur, W. B. (1989). Competing technologies, increasing returns, and lock-in by historical events. The economic journal, 99(394), 116-131.
Azevedo, J. (2002). Updating organizational epistemology. Companion to organizations, 715-732.
Baker, T., & Nelson, R. E. (2005). Creating something from nothing: Resource construction through entrepreneurial bricolage. Administrative science quarterly, 50(3), 329-366.
Berger, P. L., & Luckmann, T. (1967). The social construction ofreality. New York.
Bhide, A. (1992). Bootstrap finance: the art of start-ups. Harvard business review, 70(6), 109-117.
Blanco, S. (2007). How techno-entrepreneurs build a potentially exciting future. Handbook of Research on Techno-Entrepreneurship, 1, 3-25.
Burgelman, R. A., Christensen, C. M., & Wheelwright, S. C. (2004). Integrating technology and strategy: a general management perspective. Strategic Management of Technology and Innovation, 208.
Campbell, D. T. (1960). Blind variation and selective retentions in creative thought as in other knowledge processes. Psychological review, 67(6), 380.
Campbell, D. T. (1974). Evolutionary epistemology. P. A. Schilpp, ed. The Philosophy of Karl Popper, Vol. 14. Open Court, La Salle, IL, 413–463
Davidsson, P. (2004). Researching entrepreneurship. New York: Springer.
Dimov, D. (2007). Beyond the single‐person, single‐insight attribution in understanding entrepreneurial opportunities. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 31(5), 713-731.
Godfrey, P. C., & Hill, C. W. (1995). The problem of unobservables in strategic management research. Strategic management journal, 16(7), 519-533.
Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D., Camp, S. M., & Sexton, D. L. (2001). Strategic entrepreneurship: Entrepreneurial strategies for wealth creation. Strategic management journal, 22(6‐7), 479-491.
Mintzberg, H., & Waters, J. A. (1985). Of strategies, deliberate and emergent. Strategic management journal, 6(3), 257-272.
Nelson Richard, R., & Winter Sidney, G. (1982). An evolutionary theory of economic change. Harvard Business School Press, Cambridge.
Petti, C. (Ed.). (2009). Cases in technological entrepreneurship: Converting ideas into value. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Sarasvathy, S. D. (2001). Causation and effectuation: Toward a theoretical shift from economic inevitability to entrepreneurial contingency. Academy of management Review, 26(2), 243-263.
Sarasvathy, S. D. (2008). Effectuation: Elements of entrepreneurial expertise. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Sarasvathy, S. D., Dew, N., Velamuri, S. R., & Venkataraman, S. (2003). Three views of entrepreneurial opportunity. In Handbook of entrepreneurship research (pp. 141-160). Springer US.
Weick, K. (1979). The social psychology of organisations. Reading, Mass: Addison-Westly.
Weick, K. E. (1977). Enactment processes in organizations. New directions in organizational behavior, 267, 300.
Weick, K. E. (1995). Sensemaking in organizations (Vol. 3). Sage.
