عوامل نهادی تاثیرگذار بر بین‌المللی شدن شرکت‌های فناور داروسازی
محورهای موضوعی : -مدارک پزشکی
حسین بهرامی
1
,
محمد عزیزی
2
,
علی بدیع زاده
3
,
هادی رزقی شیرسوار
4
1 - دانشجوی دکتری،گروه کارآفرینی، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران
2 - استادیار، دانشکده کارآفرینی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
3 - استادیار، گروه مدیریت صنعتی، واحد قزوین، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قزوین، ایران
4 - استادیار، گروه مدیریت آموزشی، واحد گرمسار، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، گرمسار، ایران
کلید واژه: بین‌المللی شدن, شرکت‌های فناور داروسازی, عوامل نهادی,
چکیده مقاله :
مقدمه: امروزه صنعت داروسازی به عنوان یکی از کلیدی‌ترین و عظیم‌ترین صنایع جهان مطرح است و در اختیار داشتن چنین صنعتی به منزله یکی از معیارهای مهم توسعه یافتگی کشورها شناخته می‌شود. بین‌المللی شدن فناوری، فرآیند تعریف شده‌ای دارد که عبارت از انتقال دانش و فناوری از یک فرد یا گروه به فرد یا گروه دیگر به منظور به کارگیری آن در سیستم، فرایند، محصول و یا یک روش انجام کار می‌باشد. هدف از انجام این تحقیق، شناسایی عوامل موثر بر بین‌المللی سازی شرکت‌های فناور داروسازی با رویکرد نهادی می‌باشد. روش پژوهش: در این تحقیق عوامل نهادی تاثیرگذار بر بین‌المللی شدن شرکت‌های فناور داروسازی با استفاده از روش کیفی و از طریق مصاحبه با خبرگان صنعت داروسازی، شناسایی و با استفاده از روش تئوری داده بنیاد تحلیل گردید. این پژوهش از نظر هدف کاربردی و از نظر شیوه گردآوری داده‌ها توصیفی است. یافته‌ها: در نتیجه تحلیل داده‌ها، مهم‌ترین عوامل نهادی مورد نظر خبرگان شامل 33 عامل از کل مصاحبه‌ها استخراج و شناسایی گردید و این عوامل در چهار بعد قانونی، هنجاری، شناختی و هدایت‌گر دسته بندی شد. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج تحقیق نشان داد در بعد قانونی، عامل تسهیل در قوانین صادرات و اصلاح نظام قیمت‌گذاری دارو، در بعد هنجاری، ثبات مدیریت و برنامه‌های شرکت، در بعد شناختی، آشنایی با بازاریابی بین الملل و اهمیت به تحقیق و توسعه و در بعد هدایت‌گر، اخذ گواهینامه‌های معتبر بین‌المللی از مهم‌ترین عوامل نهادی تاثیرگذار بر بین‌المللی شدن شرکت‌های فناور داروسازی می‌باشند.
Introduction: Today, the pharmaceutical industry is considered one of the world's most important and largest industries, and the possession of such industry is one of the most important criteria for the development of countries. Internationalization of technology has a defined process, which is the transfer of knowledge and technology from an individual or group to a person or group in order to use it in a system, process, product or method of doing business. The purpose of this research is to identify the factors influencing the internationalization of pharmaceutical technology companies with an institutional approach. Methods: In this research, institutional factors influencing the internationalization of pharmaceutical companies using qualitative method and through interview with pharmaceutical industry experts were identified and analyzed using the Grounded theory method. This research is applied in terms of purpose and is descriptive in terms of collecting data. Results: As a result of data analysis, the most important institutional factors considered by the experts, including 33 factors from all interviews, were extracted and identified, and these factors were classified into four regulative, normative, cognitive, and conducive dimensions. Conclusion: The results of the research showed that in the regulative dimension, the factor facilitating the export laws and reforming the drug pricing system, in the normative dimension, management stability and company programs, in the cognitive dimension, familiarity with international marketing and the importance of research and development, and In the conducive dimension, obtaining credible international certificates is one of the most important institutional factors affecting the internationalization of pharmaceutical technology companies.
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3- Middle East Economic Research Group. Study of Iranian Pharmaceutical Industry, Middle East Economic Research Group; 2015.
4- Yadollahi Farsi J, Azizi M, Mafi B. Diagnosis of International Entrepreneurship Opportunities, National Conference on Entrepreneurial University (Knowledge-based industry), Babolsar, Mazandaran University; 2013. [In Persian]
5- Antonic B, Hisrich R.D. Clarifying the intrapreneurship concept, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 2003; 10 (1): 7-24
6- Arasti z, Maleki Karam Abad MM, Motevasseli M. Influential institutional factors affecting the emergence of social entrepreneurship activities Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 2012; 5(2): 185. [In Persian]
7- North DC. Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic Performance. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 1990.
8- Eunni VR. Institutional Environments for Entrepreneurship اin Emerging Economies: Brazil vs. Mexico. World Journal of Management, 2010;
2 (1): 1-18.
9- Scott WR. Institutions and Organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 1995.
10- Scott WR. Institutions and Organizations: Ideas and Interests. 3rd Edition, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 2008.
11- Whitley R. European Business Systems: Firms and Markets in Their National Contexts. London: Sage Publications; 1992.
12- Whitley R. The Institutional Construction of Firms. In Morgan, G, Campbell JL, Crouch C, Pedersen OK and Whitley R. (Eds) the Oxford Handbook of Comparative Institutional Analysis. Oxford University Press; 2010: 422–53
13- Moradi MA, Sakhdari K, Saniei Sh. Influence of institutional factors on the rate of international entrepreneurship in developing countries Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 2017; 10(2): 358. [In Persian]
14- Marinova S. Institutions and International Business; 2015.
15-Zarei Gh, Parsamehr B. Identification of factors affecting the development of the export of medical equipment industry using the Grounded Theory Approach. Journal of Healthcare Management, 2018; 9 (3): 7-18. [In Persian]
16- Golami A, Chardoli B. Investigating the Factors Affecting the Increase of Pharmaceutical Exports (Case Study: Excire Pharmacy Company), International Conference on Business Excellence and Development, Institute of Managers of Idea Capital of Vieira Capital; 2014. [In Persian]
17- Akhavan P, Dehghani M. The role of knowledge management in improvement of marketing activities (case study of active companies in the field of medical equipment supply), Technology Development Quarterly; 2014: 41. [In Persian]
18- Belzunegui Eraso A, Miguel Ángel Miralles Amorós MA, Pastor Gosálbez T. The Role of Institutional and Territorial Factors in Innovation: The Case of the Spanish Footwear Components Industry. Investigations Regionals — Journal of Regional Research; 2017: 39.
19- Mukund RD, Sudhir Y. Motivations, Capability Handicaps, and Firm Responses in the Early Phase of Internationalization: A Study in the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry Journal of Global Marketing, 2015; 28:1–18.
20- Gaur AS, Lu JW. Ownership strategies and survival of foreign subsidiaries: Impacts of institutional distance and experience. Journal of Management, 2007; 33: 84–110.
21- Stenholm P, Acs ZJ, Wuebker R. Exploring Country-level Institutional Arrangements on the Rate and Type of Entrepreneurial Activity. Journal of Business Venturing, 2013; 28(1): 176-193.
22- Volchek D, Saarenketo S, Jantunen A. Structural Model of Institutional Environment Influence on International Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies. In Institutional Impacts on Firm Internationalization. Palgrave Macmillan UK; 2015: 190-216.
23- Terjesen S, Hessels J Varieties of export-oriented entrepreneurship in Asia. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 2009; 26(3): 537-561.
_||_1- Nazemi M, Torkashvand Z, Samiyazadeh R, Sayyed Hosseininejad SS. The Effective Models of Knowledge Management in the Supply Chain, Journal of Management Research Future Quarterly, 2011; 22(2): 59-74. [In Persian]
2- Valibeyghi H. Promotional policies for Exports of High-Tech Industries in Selected Countries, Quarterly Commercial Reviews, 2009; 37: 9-28. [In Persian]
3- Middle East Economic Research Group. Study of Iranian Pharmaceutical Industry, Middle East Economic Research Group; 2015.
4- Yadollahi Farsi J, Azizi M, Mafi B. Diagnosis of International Entrepreneurship Opportunities, National Conference on Entrepreneurial University (Knowledge-based industry), Babolsar, Mazandaran University; 2013. [In Persian]
5- Antonic B, Hisrich R.D. Clarifying the intrapreneurship concept, Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 2003; 10 (1): 7-24
6- Arasti z, Maleki Karam Abad MM, Motevasseli M. Influential institutional factors affecting the emergence of social entrepreneurship activities Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 2012; 5(2): 185. [In Persian]
7- North DC. Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic Performance. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press; 1990.
8- Eunni VR. Institutional Environments for Entrepreneurship اin Emerging Economies: Brazil vs. Mexico. World Journal of Management, 2010;
2 (1): 1-18.
9- Scott WR. Institutions and Organizations. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 1995.
10- Scott WR. Institutions and Organizations: Ideas and Interests. 3rd Edition, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 2008.
11- Whitley R. European Business Systems: Firms and Markets in Their National Contexts. London: Sage Publications; 1992.
12- Whitley R. The Institutional Construction of Firms. In Morgan, G, Campbell JL, Crouch C, Pedersen OK and Whitley R. (Eds) the Oxford Handbook of Comparative Institutional Analysis. Oxford University Press; 2010: 422–53
13- Moradi MA, Sakhdari K, Saniei Sh. Influence of institutional factors on the rate of international entrepreneurship in developing countries Journal of Entrepreneurship Development, 2017; 10(2): 358. [In Persian]
14- Marinova S. Institutions and International Business; 2015.
15-Zarei Gh, Parsamehr B. Identification of factors affecting the development of the export of medical equipment industry using the Grounded Theory Approach. Journal of Healthcare Management, 2018; 9 (3): 7-18. [In Persian]
16- Golami A, Chardoli B. Investigating the Factors Affecting the Increase of Pharmaceutical Exports (Case Study: Excire Pharmacy Company), International Conference on Business Excellence and Development, Institute of Managers of Idea Capital of Vieira Capital; 2014. [In Persian]
17- Akhavan P, Dehghani M. The role of knowledge management in improvement of marketing activities (case study of active companies in the field of medical equipment supply), Technology Development Quarterly; 2014: 41. [In Persian]
18- Belzunegui Eraso A, Miguel Ángel Miralles Amorós MA, Pastor Gosálbez T. The Role of Institutional and Territorial Factors in Innovation: The Case of the Spanish Footwear Components Industry. Investigations Regionals — Journal of Regional Research; 2017: 39.
19- Mukund RD, Sudhir Y. Motivations, Capability Handicaps, and Firm Responses in the Early Phase of Internationalization: A Study in the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry Journal of Global Marketing, 2015; 28:1–18.
20- Gaur AS, Lu JW. Ownership strategies and survival of foreign subsidiaries: Impacts of institutional distance and experience. Journal of Management, 2007; 33: 84–110.
21- Stenholm P, Acs ZJ, Wuebker R. Exploring Country-level Institutional Arrangements on the Rate and Type of Entrepreneurial Activity. Journal of Business Venturing, 2013; 28(1): 176-193.
22- Volchek D, Saarenketo S, Jantunen A. Structural Model of Institutional Environment Influence on International Entrepreneurship in Emerging Economies. In Institutional Impacts on Firm Internationalization. Palgrave Macmillan UK; 2015: 190-216.
23- Terjesen S, Hessels J Varieties of export-oriented entrepreneurship in Asia. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 2009; 26(3): 537-561.
