تحلیل تأثیر هوشمندی فناوری بر مزیت رقابتی در بنگاه (مطالعه موردی: شرکت‌های دارویی)
محورهای موضوعی : -مدارک پزشکی
علی امینی
1
(کارشناسی‌ارشد مدیریت تکنولوژی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران)
کلید واژه: هوشمندی فناوری, رقابت‌پذیری, مزیت رقابتی, مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری,
چکیده مقاله :
مقدمه: امروزه، قابلیت استفاده سریع و به موقع از اطلاعات و دانش فناورانه، نه تنها یک چالش بزرگ برای سازمآنها است بلکه نخستین اولویتی است که برای سازمان‌ها ایجاد مزیت می‌کند. هوشمندی فناوری فرآیندی است که با جمع‌آوری و تحلیل اطلاعات و دانش فناورانه، آگاهی لازم را برای اخذ تصمیمات در حوزه فناوری فراهم آورده و به کسب مزیت رقابتی در بنگاه کمک می‌کند. روش پژوهش: این پژوهش از نوع توصیفی -علی و جامعه آماری آن کلیه شرکت‌های ایرانی در دومین نمایشگاه ایران فارما در تهران در سال 1395 است (193 شرکت). پرسشنامه این تحقیق در میان همه شرکت‌کنندگان ایرانی نمایشگاه توزیع و از میان پرسشنامه‌های توزیع شده، تعداد 98 پرسشنامه صحیح دریافت شد. روایی محتوایی پرسشنامه به تأیید متخصصین رسید و پایایی آن با استفاده از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ محاسبه گردید. برای تجزیه‌وتحلیل داده‌ها ابتدا از نرم‌افزار SPSS و سپس برای مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری به روش حداقل مربعات جزئی از نرم‌افزار Smart-PLS استفاده شد. یافته‌ها:بر اساس نتایج این تحقیق، هوشمندی فناوری، تأثیری مثبت (0/774=β) و معنی‌دار (1/96< 18/742T=رT برمزیت رقابتی در شرکت‌های دارویی داشت. این نتایج علاوه بر تأیید مدل، نشان می‌دهد که متغیر هوشمندی فناوری با ضریب اثر 0/774، توانسته است 59/8 درصد از کل تغییرات متغیر مزیت رقابتی را در این شرکت‌ها تبیین نماید. نتیجه‌گیری: با توجه به یافته‌های تحقیق می‌توان گفت با بهره‌گیری از هوشمندی فناوری و هم‌چنین تأثیر مثبت و معنادار آن بر مزیت رقابتی، می‌توان شاهد کسب، بهبود و ارتقای مزیت رقابتی در سازمان بود.
Introduction: Today, not only is the capability of quick and on time use of information and technological knowledge a big challenge for organizations, but also is the first priority that creates advantage for it. Technology intelligence is the process that provides the necessary awareness for decision making in the field of technology and helps in acquiring competitive advantage for the firm by gathering and analyzing information and technological knowledge. Methods: This is a descriptive research and its statistical society is all the Iranian companies in the second Iran Pharma exhibition in Tehran in 1395 (193 companies). The questionnaire of this research was distributed among all the participants in the exhibition and 98 correct questionnaires were received. Content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the experts and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha. SPSS software was firstly used to analyze the data and then Smart-PLS software was used for structural equations modeling by least partial squares. Results: The results of this research, technology intelligence had a positive impact (β=0.774) and significant (T=18.742>1.96) on the competitive advantage of pharmaceutical companies. Besides confirming the model, the results show that the technology intelligence variable has been able to take 59.8% of the changes in these companies by a impact coefficient of 0.774. Conclusion: According to the findings of this research, it can be said that by utilizing technology intelligence and also its significant positive impact on competitive advantage, one can see the acquisition, improvement, and promotion of competitive advantage in an organization.
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20- Lado N, Maydeu-Olivares A, Martinez-Martinez MA. The relationship between market orientation and service innovation in the insurance business: a Spanish investigation. International Journal of Management, 1999; 16: 374-85.
21- Hamel G, Prahalad CK. Competing for the Future: Harvard Business Press; 2013.
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23- Sharma B, Gadenne D. An investigation of the perceived importance and effectiveness of quality management approaches. The TQM Magazine, 2001; 13(6): 433-45.
24- Menguc B, Auh S, Shih E. Transformational leadership and market orientation: Implications for the implementation of competitive strategies and business unit performance. Journal of Business Research, 2007; 60(4): 314-21.
25- Chen Y-S, Lin M-JJ, Chang C-H. The positive effects of relationship learning and absorptive capacity on innovation performance and competitive advantage in industrial markets. Industrial Marketing Management, 2009; 38(2): 152-8.
26- Matthews J, Shulman AD. Competitive advantage in public-sector organizations: explaining the public good/sustainable competitive advantage paradox. Journal of Business Research, 2005; 58(2): 232-40.
27- Mehralian G, Shabaninejad H. The Importance of Competitiveness in New Internationalized and Competitive Environment of Pharmaceutical Industry. Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research: IJPR, 2014; 13(2): 351.
28- Hinton PR. Statistics explained: Routledge; 2014.
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30- Chin WW. Commentary: Issues and opinion on structural equation modeling. JSTOR; 1998.
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_||_1- Mutua MT, Ngugi K. Influence of competitive intelligence on profitability of mobile telecommunication companies in Kenya. International Journal of Innovative Research and Development|| ISSN 2278–0211, 2012; 1(11): 229-05.
2- Khazaee S, Elahi Dehaqi I. Crucial Factors in the Efficacy of National Foresight. Journal of Futures Study; 2012: 5-28. [Persian]
3- Pozdņakova A. Knowledge management and foresight elements for small and medium enterprises; 2008.
4- Placzek M, Eberling C, Gausemeier J, editors. Conception of a Knowledge Management System for Technologies. 24th International Association for Management of Technology Conference Proceedings, Cape Town; 2015.
5- Safdari Ranjbar M, Akbarpour Shirazi M, Lashkar Blooki M. Interaction among intra-organizational factors effective in successful strategy execution: An analytical view. Journal of Strategy and Management, 2014; 7(2): 127-54.
6- Chang S-H, Fan C-Y. Analyzing Offshore Wind Power Patent Portfolios by Using Data Clustering. Industrial Engineeering and Management Systems, 2014; 13(1): 107-15.
7- Savioz P. Technology Intelligence: Concept Design and Implementation in Technology Based Sme's: Palgrave macmillan; 2003.
8- Macartney J. Intelligence: A consumer's guide∗. International Journal of Intelligence and Counter Intelligence, 1988; 2(4): 457-86.
9- Bouthillier F, Shearer K. Assessing competitive intelligence software: a guide to evaluating CI technology: Information Today, Inc; 2003.
10- Mortara L, Kerr CI, Phaal R, Probert DR. Technology intelligence practice in UK technology-based companies. International Journal of Technology Management, 2009; 48(1): 115-35.
11- Schuh G, Brakling A, Apfel K, editors. Identification of requirements for focused crawlers in technology intelligence. Management of Engineering & Technology (PICMET), 2014 Portland International Conference on; 2014: IEEE.
12- Ashton WB, Stacey GS. Technical intelligence in business: understanding technology threats and opportunities. International Journal of Technology Management, 1995; 10(1): 79-104.
13- Baffour Awuah G, Abraha Gebrekidan D. Networked (interactive) position: a new view of developing and sustaining competitive advantage. Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal, 2008; 18(4): 333-50.
14- Cogburn DL, Adeya CN. Exploring the challenges and opportunities for Africa in the information economy. The United Nations University–INTECH Discussion paper series; 2000.
15- Dominick S. Theory and Problems of International Economics. McGraw Hill Book Company; 1987.
16- Barney J. Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of management, 1991; 17(1): 99-120.
17- Amit R, Zott C. Value creation in e‐business. Strategic management journal, 2001; 22(6‐7): 493-520.
18- Williamson OE. Strategizing, economizing, and economic organization. Strategic management journal, 1991; 12(S2): 75-94.
19- Hunt SD, Morgan RM. The comparative advantage theory of competition. The Journal of Marketing; 1995: 1-15.
20- Lado N, Maydeu-Olivares A, Martinez-Martinez MA. The relationship between market orientation and service innovation in the insurance business: a Spanish investigation. International Journal of Management, 1999; 16: 374-85.
21- Hamel G, Prahalad CK. Competing for the Future: Harvard Business Press; 2013.
22- Lovelock C, Wright L. Principles of service marketing and management: Prentice Hall; 2001.
23- Sharma B, Gadenne D. An investigation of the perceived importance and effectiveness of quality management approaches. The TQM Magazine, 2001; 13(6): 433-45.
24- Menguc B, Auh S, Shih E. Transformational leadership and market orientation: Implications for the implementation of competitive strategies and business unit performance. Journal of Business Research, 2007; 60(4): 314-21.
25- Chen Y-S, Lin M-JJ, Chang C-H. The positive effects of relationship learning and absorptive capacity on innovation performance and competitive advantage in industrial markets. Industrial Marketing Management, 2009; 38(2): 152-8.
26- Matthews J, Shulman AD. Competitive advantage in public-sector organizations: explaining the public good/sustainable competitive advantage paradox. Journal of Business Research, 2005; 58(2): 232-40.
27- Mehralian G, Shabaninejad H. The Importance of Competitiveness in New Internationalized and Competitive Environment of Pharmaceutical Industry. Iranian journal of pharmaceutical research: IJPR, 2014; 13(2): 351.
28- Hinton PR. Statistics explained: Routledge; 2014.
29- Hulland J, Business RISo. Use of partial least squares (PLS) in strategic management research: A review of four recent studies. Strategic management journal, 1999; 20(2): 195-204.
30- Chin WW. Commentary: Issues and opinion on structural equation modeling. JSTOR; 1998.
31- Henseler J, Ringle CM, Sarstedt M. A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 2015; 43(1): 115-35.
32- Wetzels M, Odekerken-Schröder G, Van Oppen C. Using PLS path modeling for assessing hierarchical construct models: Guidelines and empirical illustration. MIS quarterly; 2009: 177-95.
