Evaluation of Place Attachment Rate in Home, Neighborhood and Urban (Case Study: Shiraz City, Iran)
محورهای موضوعی : Urban DesignAli Akbar Heidari 1 , Salman Moradian 2 , Paria Teimoori 3
1 - Assistant professor of Architecture, Faculty member of School of Engineering, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran
2 - M .A. Student of Architecture, Islamic Azad university of Yasouj, Yasouj, Iran
3 - M. A. Student of Architecture, International Payam Noor University of Asalooye, Asalooye, Iran
کلید واژه: Place attachment, Place scale, home, Neighborhood, City,
چکیده مقاله :
Attachment to a place is a positive emotional relation between a person and a place that leads to the significance of a place for the people staying there. Several studies have been presented about the sense of attachment to one or more locations around the world that each of them has evaluated the subject from a specific view and has achieved different results. This research tries to assess the relationship between intensity of attachment to a place and scale of the place with a new look at this issue. Accordingly, the factors influencing the attachment on the place have been examined in three dimensions of "physical", "socio-demographic" and "emotional". Physical factors have been divided into three scales of house, neighborhood and urban. Social-demographic factors have been generalized to variables such as age, gender, level of education, etc. Emotional factors have been extracted from 21 indices of the literature related to the concepts of place and attachment to a place. In this research, 12 emotional cases were evaluated for each of three interest place scales for people with different demographic characteristics in Shiraz. Studies were conducted through questionnaires at different neighborhoods with randomly selected citizens and the results were presented as a descriptive and analytical report. These results indicate that the feeling of attachment to the city scale is at the highest level, and then is a home, and finally is the attachment to the neighborhood scale.
Altman, I., & Low, S. (1992). Place Attachment. New York: Plenum Press.
Ardalan, N & Bakhtiar, L. (1973), The Sense of Unity: The Sufi Tradition in Persian Architecture. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Bahreini, H. (1998). The process of Urban Design. Tehran: Tehran university publication.
Bonainto, M., Aiello, A. Perugini, M. Bonnes, M., & Ercolani, A.P. (1999). Multidimensional Environment quality and neighbourhood attachment. Urban Environment, 19, 331-352.
Brower, S. (1988). Design in Familiar Places: What Makes Home Environments Looks Good. New York: Prager.
Brown, B.B., & Perkins, D.D. (1992). Disruptions in Place Attachment. In I. Altman and S. Low (Eds). Place Attachment. New York: Plenum.
Brown, B., Perkins, D. D., & Brown, G. (2003). Place attachment in a revitalizing neighborhood: individual and block levels of analysis. Journal of Environmental Psychology. 23, 259–27
Chawla, L. (1992). Childhood place attachments. In I. Altman and S. Low (Eds.), Place Attachment, New York, Plenum Press.
Cohen , Y.S., & Shinar, A. (1985). Neighborhoods and Friendship Networks. Chicago:The University of Chicago.
Coulton, C. J., Korbin, J., Chan, T., & Su, M. (2001). Mapping residents’ perceptions of neighborhood boundaries: a methodological note.American Journal of Community Psychology, 29, 371–383.
Cross, J. E. (2001). What is Sense of Place. Archives of the Twelfth Headwaters Conference, November 2-4.
Gifford, R. (2002). Environmental Psychology: Principles and Practice. Canada: Optimal Books.
Gieryn, T. F. (2000). A space for place in sociology. Annual Review of Sociology, 26, 463–496.
Habibi, S. M. (2004). Az Shar ta Shahr. (5th ed.). Tehran: Tehran university.
Hashemnezhad, H., Heidari, A. A., & Mohammad Hoseini, P. (2013). Sense of Place” and “Place Attachment. International Journal of Architecture and Urban Development, 3(1), 5-12.
Hidalgo, M. C., & Hernandez, B. (2001). Place attachment: conceptual and empirical questions. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 21, 273–281.
Jacobs, M. (1995). Sustainability and community: Environment, economic rationalism and the sense of place. Australian Planner, 32(2), 109-115.
Jordan, T. (1996). Recent German research on space-related attachments and regional identities. Geografiska Annaler. Series B. Human Geography, 99-111.
Kaplan, S. & Kaplan, R. (1982), Humans cape: Environments for people. Ann Arbo: Ulrich's Books.
Korpela, K., & Hartig, T. (1996). Restorative qualities of favorite places. Journal of environmental psychology, 16(3), 221-233.
Lapinitie, I. (2007), Modalities of Urban Space. Sage Publictions. Forthcoming in Planning Theory. 6 (1), 36-51.
Lewicka, M. (2010). Effects of place scale on place attachment .Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30 (2010) 35–51.
Marcus, C.C. (1992). Environmental memories. In Low, S.M. and Altman, I.(Eds.) Place Attachment. New York: Plenum Press.
Mesch, G.S. & Manor, O. (1998). Social ties, environmental perception, and local attachment. Environment and Behavior. 30:4. pp. 504-519.
Milligan, M. J. (1998). Interactional past and potential: The social construction of place attachment. Symbolic interaction, 21(1), 1-33.
Prentice, D.A. & Miller, D.T. (1992). When small effects are impressive. Psychological Bulletin. 112:1. pp. 160-164.
Proshansky, H. M., Fabian, A. K., & Kaminoff, R. (1983). Place-identity: Physical world socialization of the self. Journal of environmental psychology, 3(1), 57-83.
Relph, E. (1976). Place and Placelessness. London: Pion.
Riley, R. (1992). Attachment to the Ordinary Landscape In I. Altman and S. M. Low (Eds.). Place Attachment. New York: Plenum Press.
Rohe, W. M., & Stedman, M. A. (1994). The impact of home ownership on the social and political involvement of low-income people. Urban Affairs Review, 30(1), 152-172.
Rubinstein, R.L. & Parmelee, P.A. (1992). Attachment to place and representation of the life course by the elderly. In I. Altman and S. M. Low (Eds.). Place Attachment. New York: Plenum Press.
Sanoff, H. (1970). Residential Patterns of Racial Change: A Study of a Southern City. Raleigh: Urban Affairs and Community Services Center.
Scherl, L. M. (1989). Self in wilderness: Understanding the psychological benefits of individual‐wilderness interaction through self‐control. Leisure Sciences, 11(2), 123-135.
Shamai, S., & Ilatov, Z. (2005). Measuring sense of place: Methodological aspects. Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie, 96(5), 467-476.
Shumaker, S. A., & Taylor, R. B. (1983). Toward a clarification of people-place relationships: A model of attachment to place. Environmental psychology: Directions and perspectives, 219-251.
Stedman, R. C. (1997). Where the north begins: Cognitive maps, sense of place and place attachment. Paper pre- sented at the Annual Meeting of the Rural Sociologi- cal Society. Toronto, Ontario, August 13-17.
Tuan, Y.F. (1974). Topoilia: A study of environmental perception, attitudes and values. New York: Columbia University Press.
