تحلیل های اقتصادی و ارزیابی میزان مصرف انرژی بر اساس نوع و نسبت پنجره ها با استفاده از مدلهای شبیه سازی (مورد مطالعه: یک واحد مسکونی نمونه در شهر تهران)
محورهای موضوعی : معماری
علیرضا کریم پور
1
,
داراب دیبا
2
,
ایرج اعتصام
3
1 - داﻧﺸﺠﻮى دﮐﺘﺮى ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى، داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﻫﻨﺮ و ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﻰ، واﺣﺪ ﺗﻬﺮان ﻣﺮﮐﺰى، ﺗﻬﺮان، اﯾﺮان
2 - اﺳﺘﺎد داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﻫﻨﺮ و ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﻰ، واﺣﺪ ﺗﻬﺮان ﻣﺮﮐﺰى، ﺗﻬﺮان، اﯾﺮان.
3 - اﺳﺘﺎد داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﻫﻨﺮ و ﻣﻌﻤﺎرى، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﻰ، واﺣﺪ ﻋﻠﻮم و ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت، ﺗﻬﺮان، اﯾﺮان.
کلید واژه: هزینه انرژی, دوره بازگشت سرمایه, شبیه سازی مصرف انرژی, نسبت پنجره به دیوار, نوع پنجره,
چکیده مقاله :
بسیاری ازساختمانهای امروزی بعلت عدم تطابق بااستانداردهای مصرف،ناگزیر ازمصرف بیش ازحدانرژی برای ایجادشرایط آسایش حرارتی بوده وموجب اتلاف منابع انرژی وافزایش هزینه ها میشوند.پنجره ها بعنوان یکی ازمهمترین اجزای پوشش حرارتی ساختمان،کارآمدی انرژی و آسایش محیطی را تحت تأثیرقرارداده ودرعین حال بزرگترین عناصر اتلاف حرارتی نیزمحسوب میگردند.دراین پژوهش نخست یک ساختمان مسکونی نمونه درشهر تهران چندین بار با ویژگیهای یکسان وتنها باتفاوت درنوع ونسبت پنجره شبیه سازی گردید و پنجره بهینه ازنظرمیزان کارآمدی انرژی مشخص شد.درگام بعد،هزینه های انرژی،دوره بازگشت سرمایه و نرخ بهره وری داخلی،یکبار درمدل ساختمانی نمونه و باردیگر درحالتیکه پنجره بهینه برروی آن ساختمان شبیه سازی شده بود،محاسبه گردید.نتایج نشان میدهد که تنها با استفاده از پنجره هایی با کارایی بالا و نسبت بهینه،مصرف انرژی تا 20/3 %کاهش می یابد.همچنین باتوجه به قیمت فعلی سوخت درایران ودوره زمانی 17/8ساله برای بازگشت سرمایه که ازتحلیلهای اقتصادی حاصل شد،هزینه های اولیه اضافی با اعمال سیاستهای پیشنهادی جبران خواهد شد.
Today, with the rapid depletion of fossil energy sources and increasing of environmental problems, supervision and management of energy consumption becomes more important. Looking at the breakdown of energy consumption by sectors, the buildings sector is seen as one of the priority areas. About 40% of energy consumption of the residential buildings in Iran is fossil fuel-derived. In recent years, housing units increased significantly in Tehran as the largest and most populous city of Iran and targeted subsidies policy is implemented and energy costs have gone up. Therefore providing solutions to reduce energy consumption in this sector is very important. Windows are one of the most important components of building thermal coating that affect the energy efficiency and environmental thermal comfort. It is obvious windows play a critical role in saving energy because about 30% of the total energy loss occurs through them. Therefore the evaluation of the optimal window type and window to wall ratio in the first phase of architectural design, plays an important role in the energy efficiency and improving the quality of indoor environment. The main objective of this paper is to present an approach that provides assistance for designers to select optimal ratio of window to wall for residential buildings concerning economic analysis that affect this assessment. In this research, a building model as a case study (the six-story apartment in the city of Tehran) is considered and then its energy consumption optimized via simulation software. Based on the simulations, two optimization parameters, window to wall ratio and type of windows, are evaluated. In this regard, at the first phase, four types of window glazing with same size in four main orientations and a window to wall ratio of 5 to 55% on residential building was simulated to determine the optimized window to wall ratio through evaluating of energy consumption. At the next step, optimized windows in three directions was considered on building model for simulations of energy consumption and then optimized windows in terms of energy efficiency was identified. Finally, for economic analysis of the use of optimal windows, a newly designed building that uses the optimal window is economically compared to a house that is architecturally and structurally similar to existing buildings and has more energy consumption. The energy costs, payback period and internal rate of return of these two buildings are compared to find the economical differences. The results show that energy consumption of residential buildings in Tehran reduced up to 20/3% only by using high performance windows and optimum wall to window ratio. It can be concluded that the influence and sensitivity of window-wall ratio on the total energy consumption are related to the orientation of outside window, and the glazing types of window. The window orientations could be prioritized in the following order: south, east, west, and north. Also according to the current price of fuel in Iran and the 17/8 years payback period that Obtained from economic analysis, the additional initial cost will be offset by the proposed policies.
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