استفاده از روش IPSS در توصیه کمی کود نیتروژن جهت کاهش آلودگی محیط زیست
محورهای موضوعی : کشاورزی و محیط زیست
عبدالکریم اجرایی
1
,
رخشان حکیم الهی
2
1 - باغبانی، کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد واحد جهرم، جهرم، ایران
2 - گروه شیمی دانشگاه آزاد جهرم
کلید واژه: توصیه کودی, آلودگی محیط زیست, همبستگی نیتروژن خاک و اندامهای گیاهی, مدل رگرسیون.,
چکیده مقاله :
مقدمه: کودهای شیمیایی یکی از مهم‌ترین عوامل آلوده‌کننده محیط زیست بوده که می‌توانند باعث آلودگی هوا، خاک، آب‌های سطحی و زیرزمینی شده و آسیب‌های جبران ناپذیری به محیط زیست وارد کنند. در بین کودهای شیمیایی، کودهای نیتروژنه بیشترین میزان مصرف را دارند و می‌توانند تحت تأثیر فرآیند اکسیداسیون و احیا قرار گیرند و بیشترین تأثیر را بر محیط زیست بگذارند. تاکنون روش‌های زیادی برای توصیه کودهای شیمیایی ارائه شده است، اما همه این روش‌ها کیفی هستند و نمی‌توان مقدار کود مورد نیاز گیاه را محاسبه کرد. سیستم یکپارچه گیاه و خاک (IPSS) برای اولین بار در سال 2019 ارائه شد. در این روش مقدار عناصر مورد نیاز گیاهان به صورت کمی محاسبه می‌شود. مواد و روش‌ها: در این تحقیق 39 باغ مرکبات در جهرم انتخاب و بر اساس میزان تولید به دو گروه پرتولید، و تولید متوسط تا کم دسته‌بندی شدند. در هر باغ سه درخت انتخاب و به مدت دو سال متوالی و هر سال دو بار از اندامهای گیاهان و خاک اطراف ریشه نمونه‌برداری و غلظت نیتروژن آنها اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج و بحث: بین میزان نیتروژن عصاره اشباع خاک و نیتروژن اندامهای گیاهی همبستگی معنی داری وجود داشت و بیشترین همبستگی بین نیتروژن برگ‌های جوان و نیتروژن عصاره اشباع خاک مشاهده شد. همچنین بین نیتروژن اندامهای گیاهی همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌داری وجود داشت و بیشترین همبستگی بین نیتروژن برگ‌های جوان و سایر اندامهای گیاهی مشاهده شد. معادلات بین نیتروژن اندامهای گیاهان و نیتروژن عصاره اشباع خاک تعیین شد. با ساده‌سازی آن معادلات دو معادله با دو متغیر به دست آمد که با توجه به آنها می‌توان مقدار کود مورد نیاز را به صورت کمی محاسبه کرد. نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این تحقیق دو معادله رگرسیون دو متغیره است که بر اساس آن می‌توان مقدار کود مورد نیاز گیاهان را به صورت کمی و دقیق محاسبه کرد و محیط زیست را از خطر آلودگی کودهای شیمیایی محافظت کرد. این روش برای تمامی عناصر و گیاهان در سیستم‌های کشت هیدروپونیک و خاکی قابل استفاده است.
Introduction: Chemical fertilizers are one of the most important factors that pollute the environment. Chemical fertilizers can cause air, soil, surface and underground water pollution and cause irreparable damage to the environment. Among the chemical fertilizers, nitrogenous fertilizers have the largest amount of consumption and can be affected by the oxidation and reduction process and affect the environment the most. So far, many methods have been presented to recommend chemical fertilizers, but all these methods are qualitative and cannot calculate the quantity of fertilizer required by the plant. The Integrated Plant and Soil System (IPSS) was first described in 2019. In this method, the amount of elements needed by plants is calculated quantitatively. Materials and Methods: There was a significant correlation between nitrogen of saturated soil extract and nitrogen of plant organs, and the highest correlation was observed between the nitrogen of young leaves and the nitrogen of saturated soil extract. Also, the highest correlation was between the nitrogen of young leaves and other plant organs. Organs of plants whose nitrogen had a significant correlation with soil nitrogen were selected and multivariate regression equations were determined between them and soil saturated extract nitrogen. By simplifying them, two equations with two variables were obtained, according to which the required fertilizer can be calculated. Results and Discussion: There was a significant correlation between nitrogen of saturated soil extract and nitrogen of plant organs, and the highest correlation was observed between the nitrogen of young leaves and the nitrogen of saturated soil extract. Also, the highest correlation was between the nitrogen of young leaves and other plant organs. Organs of plants whose nitrogen had a significant correlation with soil nitrogen were selected and multivariate regression equations were determined between them and soil saturated extract nitrogen. By simplifying them, two equations with two variables were obtained, according to which the required fertilizer can be calculated. Conclusion: The results of this research are two bivariate regression equations, based on which the amount of fertilizer required by plants can be calculated quantitatively and accurately, and the environment can be protected from the risk of chemical fertilizer contamination. This method can be used for all elements and plants in hydroponic and soil cultivation systems.
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