اثرات کود آلی و عناصر روی و سیلیسیم (محلول¬پاشی و خاک¬مصرف) بر عملکرد دانه، جذب عناصر و پروتئین دانه گندم
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعیمریم یوسفنژاد 1 , علیرضا دانشمند 2 , حمیدرضا مبصر 3 , حسن نیکخواه کوچکسرایی 4
1 - دانشجوی دکتری؛ گروه زراعت، واحد قائم شهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قائم شهر ، ایران.
2 - استادیار گروه زراعت، واحد قائم شهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قائم شهر ، ایران.
3 - استادیار گروه زراعت، واحد قائم شهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قائم شهر ، ایران.
4 - استادیار گروه زراعت، واحد قائم شهر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، قائم شهر ، ایران.
کلید واژه: پروتئین دانه, روی دانه, سیلیسیم دانه, کود گاوی, نانوذرات.,
چکیده مقاله :
کاربرد عناصر روی و سیلیسیم باعث بهبود رشد، عملکرد و ارزش غذایی دانه می¬شود. مصرف کود آلی با بهبود فراهمی عناصر غذایی، می¬تواند به ارتقاء عملکرد و ارزش غذایی دانه کمک کند. این مطالعه با هدف بهبود کمیت و کیفیت دانه گندم در دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی قائم¬شهر طی سال¬های 98-1397 و 99-1398 اجرا شد. آزمایش به¬صورت کرت¬های یک¬بار خرد شده بر پایه طرح بلوک¬های کامل تصادفی با 3 تکرار انجام شد. تیمارهای آزمایشی شامل کود دامی با 2 سطح (کود گاوی و عدم مصرف) به عنوان عامل اصلی و کاربرد عناصر روی و سیلیسیم (کودهای نانو و معمولی) با 9 سطح به عنوان عامل فرعی بودند. نتایج نشان دادند که اثر سال بر هیچ یک از صفات مورد مطالعه معنی دار نشد. عملکرد دانه در تیمار بدون مصرف کود گاوی در مقایسه با مصرف کود گاوی 16 درصد بیشتر بود که به¬خاطر تعداد سنبلچه و تعداد دانه در سنبله بیشتر بود. بیشترین عملکرد دانه برای تیمار بدون مصرف کود گاوی و با مصرف سولفات روی و مصرف همزمان سیلیکات پتاسیم و نانواکسید روی (به ترتیب 4423 و 4394 کیلوگرم در هکتار) به دست آمد. بالاترین غلظت روی دانه با محلول¬پاشی نانواکسید روی، مصرف سیلیکات پتاسیم + نانواکسید روی و محلول¬پاشی نانوذرات سیلیسیم و روی به دست آمد. حداکثر پروتئین دانه در تیمار با مصرف کود گاوی همراه با محلول¬پاشی نانواکسید روی، نانوذرات سیلیسیم و روی و مصرف خاکی سولفات روی به¬دست آمد. کاربرد تنها سولفات روی یا کاربرد ترکیبی سیلیکات پتاسیم + نانواکسید روی برای بهبود عملکرد دانه پیشنهاد می شود. کاربرد کود گاوی توأم با هر یک از تیمارهای سولفات روی، نانواکسید روی و نانوذرات سیلیسیم + روی برای افزایش پروتئین دانه توصیه می شود.
The application of zinc and silicon elements improves the growth, yield and nutritional value of seeds. The use of organic fertilizer can help to improve the yield and nutritional value of seeds by improving the availability of nutrients. This study was conducted with the aim of improving the quantity and quality of wheat grain in the Faculty of Agriculture of Qaemshahr Islamic Azad University (Mazandaran-Northern Iran) during the years 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. The experiment was carried out as a split plot based on a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Experimental treatments included animal manure with 2 levels (cow manure and no-consumption) as the main factor and the application of zinc and silicon elements (nano and normal fertilizers) with 9 levels as secondary factors. The results showed that the effect of year was not significant on any of the traits studied. The grain yield in the treatment without the use of cow manure was 16% higher compared to the use of cow manure, which was due to the increase in the numbers of spikelets and seeds in the spike. The highest grain yield was obtained for the treatment without using cow manure and with the use of zinc sulfate and the simultaneous use of potassium silicate and zinc nano oxide (4394 and 4423 kg/ha, respectively). The highest concentration of zinc in seeds was obtained by foliar spraying of zinc nano oxide, potassium silicate + zinc nano oxide, and silicon and zinc nanoparticles. The maximum seed protein was obtained in the treatment of cow manure application along with foliar spraying of zinc nano oxide, silicon and zinc nanoparticles, and soil application of zinc sulfate. The use of zinc sulfate alone or the combined use of potassium silicate + zinc nanooxide is suggested to improve grain yield. The use of cow manure combined with each of the treatments of zinc sulfate, zinc nanooxide, and silicon + zinc nanoparticles is recommended to increase seed protein.
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