اثر پرایمینگ بذر بر عملکرد و برخی مولفه های فیزیولوژیکی کنجد تحت تنش خشکی
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
ضرغام حیدریه
1
,
عبدالرضا جعفری
2
,
حمیدرضا ابراهیمی
3
,
برمک جعفری حقیقی
4
,
حمیدرضا میری
5
1 - دانشجوی دکتری فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی. واحد ارسنجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ارسنجان، ایران.
2 - استادیار فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی. واحد ارسنجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ارسنجان ، ایران.
3 - استادیار فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی. واحد ارسنجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ارسنجان ، ایران.
4 - استادیار فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی. واحد ارسنجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ارسنجان ، ایران.
5 - استادیار فیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی. واحد ارسنجان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ارسنجان ، ایران.
کلید واژه: پیش تیمار, تنش کمبود آب, فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانت, کنجد,
چکیده مقاله :
خشکی از جمله عوامل محدودکننده رشد گیاهان میباشد. کنجد با دارا بودن ویژگیهایی چون تحمل به کم آبی، مقادیر روغن بالا و سازگاری وسیع با اکثر مناطق ایران، از جمله مهمترین دانههای روغنی شناخته شده به شمار میرود. به منظور بررسي پیش تیمار بذر بر عملکرد کنجد و برخی خصوصیات فیزیولوژیکی آن در شرایط تنش کمبود آب، مطالعهای طی دو سال زراعی بهصورت کرت های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوكهاي کامل تصادفي در 3 تكرار انجام شد. در این آزمایش فاکتور اصلی تیمارها شامل تنش کمبود آب در سه سطح (شاهد، تنش ملایم و شدید)، فاکتور فرعی شامل پیش تیمار بذر در پنج سطـح بدون پیش تیمار (شاهد)، پیش تیمار با آب، سالیسیلیک اسید، سولفات پتاسیم و سولفات روی و سه رقم کنجد (اولتان، کرج و داراب 14) مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد با افزایش سطح تنش کمبود آب، عملکرد دانه، عملکرد ماده خشک کل، کلروفیل a، کلروفیل b، کارتنوئید و کارایی مصرف آب روند نزولی داشت در حالی که میزان پروتئین محلول برگ، درصد پروتئین دانه و پراکسیدهیدروژن روند صعودی نشان داد. به نظر میرسد پیش تیمار بذرهای کنجد با اسید سالیسیلیک میتواند از طریق تحریک فعالیت آنزیمهای آنتی اکسیدانی نظیر کاتالاز و سوپراکسیددیسموتاز باعث تعدیل اثرات مخرب تنش کمبود آب در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد شود. علاوه بر این، ارقام مختلف کنجد، واکنشهای متفاوتی در برابر تنش کمبود آب داشتند، طوری که رقم کرج بهترین نتایج را ثبت کرد. در نهایت میتوان تیمار اسید سالیسیلیک را به عنوان پیش تیمار مطلوب و ژنوتیپ کرج را بهعنوان ژنوتیپ مقاوم به خشکی معرفی نمود.
Drought is one of the limited factors that affects plants growth. With having characteristics like tolerance to deficient water, high oil contents and vast adaptation to most Iran areas, sesame is considered as important oilseed. Evaluation of seed priming on yield and physiological characteristics of sesame under drought stress. This study was conducted in two agricultural years with split plot based on completed random blocks in 3 replications. The experimental treatments were included three levels of drought stress (control, mild stress and severe stress) assigned to main factor, seed priming in five levels (without priming or control, hydro priming, salicylic acid, potassium sulfate, zinc sulfate) assigned to sub factor and finally three sesame verities (Oltan, Karaj and Darab 14).The results showed that with increasing drought stress level, seed yield, dry biomass yield, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid and water use efficiency were decreased while total protein content, % protein and hydrogen peroxide were increased. It seams seed priming with salicylic acid can alleviate adverse effects of drought in compared with control treatment through inducing enzymatic antioxidant activities like catalase and superoxide dismutase. Furthermore different sesame verities have various reactions to drought stress as the best results were recorded in Karaj genotype. Finally, it is declared that salicylic acid treatment as suitable priming and Karaj genotype can be introduce as drought resistant genotype for Bushehr region.
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