تحلیل روابط ساختاری بین ابعاد موثر بر مشارکت شهروندان در فرآیند خط مشی گذاری عمومی در ایران
محورهای موضوعی : خطمشیگذاری عمومی در مدیریت
علی اصغر قلندری
1
,
محمد محمدی
2
,
محمدرضا ربیعی مندجین
3
1 - گروه مدیریت دولتی ، دانشکده مدیریت ، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد بین المللی کیش ، کیش، ایران
2 - گروه مدیریت دولتی، واحد بین المللی کیش، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کیش، ایران
3 - گروه مدیریت دولتی، واحد تهران مرکزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: مشارکت, مشارکت شهروندان, خط مشی گذاری عمومی,
چکیده مقاله :
زمینه و هدف : در دهههای اخیر، افزایش پیچیدگیهای محیط اجتماعی و ضرورت ارتقای کارآمدی و مشروعیت سیاستهای عمومی، موجب شده است که مشارکت شهروندان بهعنوان یکی از ارکان اساسی حکمرانی مشارکتی مورد توجه قرار گیرد.
روش شناسی /رهیافت : در مرحله کیفی، دادهها از طریق مصاحبههای نیمهساختاریافته با ۱۷ نفر از خبرگان علمی و اجرایی شامل مدیران ارشد وزارت تعاون، کار و رفاه اجتماعی و اعضای هیئتعلمی ی گردآوری شد. تحلیل دادههای کیفی با روش تحلیل مضمون ششمرحلهای براون و کلارک انجام گرفت که منجر به شناسایی ۲۱۲ کد اولیه و استخراج مضامین سازماندهنده در قالب ابعاد اصلی، عوامل زمینهساز، موانع و چالشها، و راهکارهای راهبردی شد. در مرحله کمی، بر اساس یافتههای بخش کیفی، پرسشنامهای با ۶۱ گویه طراحی و بین ۳۲۲ نفر از مدیران عالی، ارشد و میانی وزارت تعاون، کار و رفاه اجتماعی توزیع شد.
یافته ها و نتیجه گیری : نتایج تحلیل کمی نشان داد که الگوی پیشنهادی از برازش مناسبی برخوردار است. مطابق با نتایج این پژوهش (راهکارهای بومی و نهادهای محلی) و ( فرآیندهای تعاملی) بیشترین تأثیر را بر مشارکت شهروندان دارند. این الگو پیشنهاد میدهد که با اصلاح سازوکارهای نهادی، توسعه فرآیندهای تعاملی، تقویت راهکارهای بومی، و توجه به عوامل زمینهساز مشارکت و عوامل روانشناختی، مشارکت شهروندان بهبود یابد.
**Background and Objective:** In recent decades, the increasing complexity of the social environment and the need to enhance the efficiency and legitimacy of public policies have placed citizen participation at the forefront as a fundamental pillar of participatory governance.
**Methodology/Approach:** In the qualitative phase, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 17 scientific and executive experts, including senior managers of the **Ministry of Cooperatives, Labor, and Social Welfare** and faculty members. Qualitative data were analyzed using Braun and Clarke's six-step thematic analysis, leading to the identification of 212 initial codes and the extraction of organizing themes categorized into main dimensions, contextual factors, barriers and challenges, and strategic solutions. In the quantitative phase, based on the qualitative findings, a 61-item questionnaire was designed and distributed among 322 top, senior, and middle managers of the aforementioned Ministry.
**Findings and Conclusion:** The results of the quantitative analysis confirmed the adequate fit of the proposed model. According to the findings of this study, **(local solutions and institutions)** and **(interactive processes)** have the most significant impact on citizen participation. This model suggests that citizen participation can be improved by reforming institutional mechanisms, developing interactive processes, strengthening local solutions, and considering contextual and psychological factors of participation.
Akbari, A., & Hassanzadeh, M. (2023). The role of digital technologies in facilitating citizen participation in Iran: Opportunities
and challenges. Public Governance Research Journal. (In Persian). Ashrafi, M., Noroozi, B., & Mirzaei, R. (2024). The model of public policy implementation based on dimensions of social
responsibility in universities of medical sciences. Iranian Journal of Medical Ethics and History, 17(1), 1-15. (In Persian). Arnstein, S. R. (1969). A ladder of citizen participation. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 35(4), 216–224. Bank-e Markazi-ye Iran. (2023). Statistical Yearbook of Iran 2022. Vice Presidency for Strategic Planning and Supervision. (In
Persian). Bovaird, T., & Loeffler, E. (2012). From engagement to co-production: The contribution of users and communities to outcomes
and public value. Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations. (In Persian). Brown, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101.
Danishfard, K. (2022). Citizen participation and the legitimacy of public policies. Majlis Research Center. (In Persian). Fontana, G., & Chen, Y. (2024). Participation patterns in post-revolutionary contexts: A comparative study of Egypt and
Tunisia. Democratization, 31(4), 812–830. Gil, J., Almeida, C., & Pinto, N. (2022). Revisiting Arnstein's ladder: Digital platforms and new forms of citizen control. Policy &
Internet, 14(3), 567–585. Koo, J., Kim, S., & Park, H. (2023). Applying the theory of planned behavior to predict citizen engagement in public policy
deliberation. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 33(1), 123–140. Kuzmanovic, M., Jovanovic, D., & Pavlovic, B. (2024). A systematic analysis of digital tools for citizen participation in policy-
making across seven European countries. Government Information Quarterly, 41(2), 101872. Madani, M., Davari, A., & Karimi, S. (2024). Examining the evolution of healthy governance in the context of public policy-
making: A grounded theory approach. Public Management Studies, 10(4), 1-30. (In Persian). Nouri, N., & Hosseini, H. (2024). Pathology of implementing innovation and technology ecosystem policies for the
development of provincial investments. Journal of Science and Technology Policy, 7(1), 55-78. (In Persian). Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2020). Public Governance Assessment Framework 2019 (M.
Rezaei, Trans.). Office of Economic Studies. (In Persian). Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2023). New public participation systems in the digital age. (In
Persian). Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2025). Exploring new frontiers of citizen participation in the
policy cycle. OECD Publishing.
Peters, B. G. (2018). Public policy-making: New approaches (M. Sarlak, Trans.). University of Tehran Press. (In Persian). Quick, K. S., & Bryson, J. M. (2024). Public participation in policy-making: A review of theories and practices post-pandemic.
Public Administration Review, 84(3), 456–472. Rezai, R., Mohammadi, A., & Tabatabai, S. (2024). Identifying factors affecting public participation of citizens in the public policy-making process with an emphasis on indigenous models. Biannual Journal of Governance and Public Administration,
1(1), 123-150. (In Persian). Rezavi, S., Ahmadi, P., & Ghasemi, V. (2024). Measuring the impact of civic education on policy participation: A mixed-
methods study in Iran's border provinces. Iranian Journal of Social Development Studies, 14(2), 45-67. (In Persian). Shafiei, S. (2024). Future scenarios of public participation in Iran's policy-making with a cultural-religious approach. Iranian
Journal of Futures Studies, 9(3), 89-111. (In Persian). Sudirgo, A. (2023). The legitimacy crisis and accountability in new governance: The role of structured participation.
Governance: An International Journal of Policy, Administration, and Institutions, 36(2), 345–362. Toggen, S., Fischer, M., & Leong, C. (2022). Citizen engagement in the policy advisory system: A comparative analysis. Policy
Sciences, 55(2), 321–345. UNESCO. (2024). Cultural participation in urban policymaking: A global review of 50 metropolitan cities. United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Wickurat, S., Schmidt, T., & Vogel, D. (2023). The anatomy of public policy: Goals, content, and effects in comparative
perspective. Policy Studies Journal, 51(4), 891–910. Wilson, J. (2022). The citizen's voice: Public participation in the 21st century. Routledge. World Bank. (2022). World Development Report 2022: Citizen participation and effective governance. World Bank Group. (In
Persian). Yang, K., & Lin, W. (2024). Collaborative governance and policy legitimacy: The mediating role of citizen trust. Administration
& Society, 56(2), 291–315.
