بررسی اثر خصوصیات ظاهری و اندازه های مختلف بذر ارقام تجاری سویا (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) بر جوانه¬زنی و بنیه گیاهچه
محورهای موضوعی : پژوهش های به زراعیفرشاد حسن پور 1 , آیدین حمیدی 2 , جهانفر دانشیان 3
1 - دانش¬آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، واحد تاکستان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تاکستان، ایران
2 - استادپژوهش سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، کرج، ایران
3 - استادپژوهش سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مؤسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر، کرج، ایران
کلید واژه: بوجاری و فرآوری بذر, جوانه زنی و بنیه بذر, درجه بندی اندازه بذر ,
چکیده مقاله :
به¬منظور بررسی ¬اثر خصوصیات ظاهری و اندازه¬های مختلف بذر هفت رقم تجاری سویا: 1- کتول (DPX)، 2- سحر، 3- ساری (JK)، 4-033، 5- ویلیامز، 6- کوثر (M7) و 7- تلار بر جوانه¬زنی و بنیه گیاهچه درجه¬بندی اندازه بذرها با استفاده از غربال با منافد گرد با قطر منافذ 25/6 و 7 میلی¬متر آزمایشی در سال 1401 انجام گردید که در آن نمونه شاهد بدون درجه¬بندی بذر از لحاظ اندازه بود. صفات ظاهری بذر شامل: وزن هزار بذر، چگالی، درصد چروکیدگی، درصد ترک¬خوردگی بذر و طول، عرض و ضخامت بذر آزمون جوانه¬زنی استاندارد براساس دستورالعمل انجمن بین-المللی آزمون بذر (ISTA) انجام شد و متوسط زمان جوانه¬زنی، ضریب سرعت جوانه¬زنی، متوسط جوانه¬زنی روزانه، سرعت جوانه¬زنی روزانه، درصد جوانه¬زنی نهایی، درصدگیاهچه¬های عادی، طول گیاهچه، وزن خشک ریشه¬چه، وزن خشک ساقه¬چه، وزن خشک گیاهچه، طول ریشه¬چه، طول ساقه¬چه، شاخص طولی بنیه گیاهچه و شاخص وزنی بنیه گیاهچه اندازه¬گیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد بذرهای سویای رقم ویلیامز با برخورداری از ابعاد و چگالی بیشتر و رقم 033 از بیشترین وزن هزار بذر و کمترین درصد چروکیدگی و رقم کتول با کمترین درصد شکستگی از خصوصیات ظاهری و فیزیکی برتری برخوردار بودند. همچنین رقم ویلیامز ازلحاظ درصد جوانه¬زنی نهائی و شاخص¬های سرعت جوانه¬زنی برتر از دیگر ارقام بررسی شده بود. رقم کتول نیز ازنظر خصوصیات مرتبط با بنیه گیاهچه برتری داشت. همچنین در ارقام بررسی شده بذرهای اندازه درشت (بذرهایی با قطر بالاتر از 7 میلی¬متر) ازلحاظ خصوصیات ظاهری و فیزیکی و جوانه-زنی بذر و بنیه گیاهچه از برتری برخوردار بودند. بنابراین مشخص شد استفاده از غربال با منافذ گرد با قطر منافذ7 میلی¬متر به¬عنوان غربال بالا در دستگاه بوجاری با غربال و جریان هوا برای بوجاری و فرآوری بذرهای ارقام بررسی شده به¬منظور استحصال بذهای با جوانه¬زنی بالا و بنیه قوی این ارقام مناسب است.
In order to investigate the effect of different seed morphological traits and sizes of seven commercial soybean cultivars: 1- Katool (DPX), 2- Sahar, 3- Sari (JK), 4-033, 5- Williams, 6- Kowsar (M7), and 7-Telar on germination and seedling vigor, seed size grading was performed during 2022 using a sieve with round holes with hole diameters of 6.25 and 7 mm, and the control sample was without seed size grading. Seed morphological traits including: 1000 seed weight, density, percentage of shrinkage, percentage of seed cracking, and seed length, width, and thickness. Standard germination test was performed according to the International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) protocol, and mean germination time, coefficient of velocity of germination, mean daily germination, daily germination rate, final germination percentage, percentage of normal seedlings, seedling length, primary root dry weight, primary shoot dry weight, seedling dry weight, primary root length, primary shoot length, seedling length vigor index, and seedling weight index vigor were measured. The results showed that the Williams soybean seeds cultivar had greater dimensions and density, and the 033 cultivar had the highest 1000 seed weight and the lowest shrinkage percentage, and the Katool (DPX) cultivar had the lowest breakage percentage in terms of morphological and physical characteristics. Also, the Williams cultivar was superior to the other cultivars in terms of final germination percentage and germination rate indices. The Katool (DPX) cultivar also had superiority in terms of characteristics related to seedling vigor. Also, in the studied cultivars, large-sized seeds (seeds with a diameter of more than 7 mm) had superiority in terms of appearance and physical characteristics, seed germination, and seedling vigor. Therefore, it was determined that using a round-pored sieve with a pore diameter of 7 mm as the upper sieve in an air separator seed cleaning equipment is suitable for cleaning and processing the seeds of studied cultivars in order to obtain seeds with high germination and strong vigor of
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