برآورد پارامترهای ژنتیکی صفات مختلف مرتبط با عملکرد در توده‌های گندم نان تحت دو شرایط متفاوت رطوبتی

محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

فاطمه باوندپوری ¹ , عزت اله فرشادفر ² , محسن فرشادفر ³

1 - دانش آموخته دکتری اصلاح نباتات، گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه، کرمانشاه، ایران.
2 - استاد گروه مهندسی تولید و ژنتیک گیاهی، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه رازی کرمانشاه، کرمانشاه، ایران.
3 - دانشیار گروه کشاورزی دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت : 1401/09/26 تاریخ پذیرش : 1402/05/06 تاریخ انتشار : 1403/10/01

کلید واژه: تنوع ژنتیکی, سود ژنتیکی, وراثت‌پذیری, همبستگی, Triticum aestivum.,

چکیده مقاله :

در پژوهشی به‌منظور بررسی 25 توده گندم نان از نظر پارامترهای ژنتیکی و وراثت‌پذیری، صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیک، فنولوژیک و بیوشیمیایی، آزمایشی در سال زراعی 1396-1395 در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در دو شرایط دیم و آبیاری آخر فصل در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه رازی به اجرا درآمد. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد که تنوع بالایی در بین توده‌های گندم نان برای اکثر صفات وجود داشت. در شرایط آبیاری آخر فصل، صفات وزن ¬هزاردانه، تعداد دانه در سنبله، ارتفاع گیاه، طول پدانکل، طول پنالتی‌میت، تعداد سنبلچه در سنبله، شاخص برداشت، محتوی آب نسبی برگ و راندمان مصرف آب همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌داری با عملکرد و در شرایط دیم، صفات وزن هزاردانه، عملکرد چف، ارتفاع گیاه، طول اکستراژن، طول پدانکل، طول پنالتی¬میت، تعداد سنبلچه زایا، تعداد سنبلچه در سنبله، وزن دانه در سنبله، شاخص برداشت، راندمان مصرف آب، سرعت پرشدن دانه، فعالیت آنزیم‌های سوپراکسیددیسموتاز و آسکوربیک‌پراکسیداز همبستگی مثبت و معنی‌دار با عملکرد داشتند. در شرایط آبیاری آخر فصل با توجه به سودژنتیکی علاوه بر عملکرد، صفات فعالیت آنزیم‌های کاتالاز، سوپراکسیددیسموتاز، آسکوربیک‌پراکسیداز، محتوی پرولین، محتوی پروتئین محلول، فعالیت آنزیم پراکسیداز و راندمان مصرف آب و در شرایط دیم صفات فعالیت آنزیم‌های کاتالاز، سوپراکسیددیسموتاز، آسکوربیک‌پراکسیداز، محتوی پرولین، آب حفظ‌شده برگ و طول اکستراژن دارای بیشترین سودژنتیکی بودند. براساس صفات مورفوفیزیولوژیکی، فنولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی در شرایط دیم و آبیاری آخر فصل، توده‌های 10، 15 و 7 به عنوان توده‌های برتر شناسایی شدند. بنابراین می‌توان از طریق گزینش و دورگ‌گیری اقدام به تولید ارقام مطلوب نمود.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Accourding to the research to investigate 25 bread wheat accessions in terms of genetic parameters and heritability, morphophysiological, phenological and biochemical traits, an experiment was conducted in the 2016-2017 crop year in a randomized complete block design with three replications in rainfed and irrigation at the end of the growing season conditions were carried out in the research field of Razi University. The results of variance analysis showed that there was a high diversity among wheat accessions for most of the traits. At the end of growing season irrigation, thousand seed weight, number of seeds per spike, plant height, peduncle length, mitt penalty length, number of spikelets per spike, harvest index, relative water content and water use efficiency traits showed a positive and significant correlation with yield and in rainfed conditions the traits of thousand seed weight, chaff yield, plant height, xteragen length, peduncle length, mitt penalty length, number of fertile spikelets, number of spikelets per spike, grain spike weight, harvest index, water use efficiency, rate of filing seed, activity of superoxide dismutase and ascorbic peroxidase enzymes had positive and significant correlation with yield. At the end of growing season irrigation, according to genetic gain, in addition to yield, the traits of activity catalase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbic peroxidase enzymes, proline content, soluble protein content, peroxidase enzyme activity and water use efficiency and in rainfed conditions, traits of activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbic peroxidase enzymes, proline content, rlative water protective and xteragen length had the highest genetic gain. Based on morphophysiological, phenological and biochemical traits in rainfed and irrigation at the end of the growing season conditions, accessions 10, 15 and 7 were identified as superior accessions. Therefore, it is possible to produce desirable cultivars through selection and hybridization.

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