پاسخ ترکیب جمعیتی علف‌هرز به نوع خاک با استفاده از تجزیه تطابقی متعارف (مطالعه موردی: مزارع گندم دیم شهرستان مراغه)

محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی

سهیلا پورحیدرغفاربی ¹ , سیروس حسن نژاد ² , زهرا پور نصیر ³ , بهروز فدایی ⁴

1 - استادیار علوم علف‌‌های ‌هرز ، بخش تحقیقات علوفه، تحقیقات کشاورزی دیم کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، مراغه، ایران.
2 - استاد علوم علف‌‌های ‌هرز، گروه اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.
3 - دانشجوی دکتری آگروتکنولوژی، گروه اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.
4 - دانشجوی دکتری آگروتکنولوژی، گروه اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.

تاریخ دریافت : 1401/10/01 تاریخ پذیرش : 1402/05/06 تاریخ انتشار : 1403/10/01

کلید واژه: اسیدیته, بافت خاک, پراکنش, همبستگی و فراوانی علف‌هرز.,

چکیده مقاله :

هدف از این مطالعه بررسی همبستگی بین نوع خاک و پراکنش علف‌های‌هرز در مزارع گندم دیم شهرستان مراغه بود. بدین منظور، 50 مزرعه در مناطق مختلف شهرستان مراغه در سال 1400 انتخاب و نمونه‌برداری از نوع و تراکم علف¬های¬هرز و خاک به روش w انجام شد. از تجزیه تطابقی متعارف (CCA) برای همبستگی بین گونه-های مختلف علف¬هرز با بافت خاک، اسیدیته، هدایت الکتریکی، کربنات کلسیم، کربن آلی، ماده آلی و نیتروژن استفاده شد. در مجموع، 78 گونه علف¬هرز شناسایی شد. تلخه (Acroptilon repens L. DC.)، یولاف وحشی زمستانه (Avena ludoviciana L. Durieu)، بی‌تی‌راخ (Galium aparine L.) و جغجغک (Vaccaria grandiflora (Fisch. ex DC.) Jaub. and Spach)، علف‌های‌هرز با فراوانی 100 درصد در مناطق مورد مطالعه بودند. نتایج تجزیه CCA نشان داد از نظر نوع بافت خاک؛ درصد شن بیشترین اهمیت را در پراکنش گونه‌های علف¬های¬هرز دارد. از نظر خواص شیمیایی خاک، اسیدیته و هدایت الکتریکی به ترتیب بیش‌ترین و کم‌ترین تاثیر را روی ترکیب جمعیتی علف‌های‌هرز داشتند. سینه کبکی (Bongardia chrysonogum)، به عنوان گونه انحصاری منطقه شخته‌لوی و کیسه‌کشیش (Capsella bursa-pastoris L. Medicus)، گل‌گندم تبریزی (Centaurea congesta Wagenitz)، ریش قوش (Crepis foetida L.)، علف باغی (Dactylis glomerata L.)، اسپرس تاج‌خروسی (Onobrychis Crista- Galli L. Lam.)، طوسک صحرائی (Scabiosa Olivieri Coult) و گندم یونانی (Triticum boeticum Boiss.)، به عنوان گونه‌های بومی منطقه سنوکش، بیش‌ترین حضور را در خاک‌های قلیائی و شنی دارند. بنگ‌دانه (Hyoscyamus pusillus L.) و غربیلک (Lamium amplexicaule L.)، گونه‌های بومی منطقه خرمازرد، بیشترین حضور را در خاکی با اسیدیته پایین دارند. نتایج این بررسی نشان داد بافت خاک پاسخگوی 100 درصدی واریانس پراکنش علف‌های‌هرز است. در مقایسه، خواص شیمیایی خاک تنها توجیه‌کننده 1/52 درصد از پراکنش گونه‌هاست و برخی خواص شیمیایی تاثیرگذار در ترکیب جمعیتی علف‌های‌هرز نادیده گرفته شده‌اند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

This study aims to investigate the correlation between soil type and weed distribution in the rainfed wheat fields of the Maragheh region. For this reason, 50 wheat fields in different districts of the Maragheh region were selected in 1400, and sampling of the weeds type, density, and soil type was done using the W method. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was used to correlate different weed species with soil texture, acidity, electrical conductivity, calcium carbonate, organic carbon, organic matter, and nitrogen. In total, 78 weed species were identified. Russian knapweed (Acroptilon repens (L.) DC.), winter wild oat (Avena ludoviciana (L.) Durieu), Catchweed Bedstraw (Galium aparine L.), and Cow Soapwort (Vaccaria grandiflora (Fisch. ex DC.) Jaub. & Spach) were weeds with a frequency of 100% in the study areas. The results of the CCA analysis showed that the percentage of sand is the most important in the distribution of weed species in terms of soil texture type. In terms of soil chemical properties, acidity and electrical conductivity had the maximum and minimum effect on the population composition of weeds, respectively. Bongardia chrysogonum (Bongardia chrysonogum), a unique species of Shakhtelo district, and shepherd's purse (Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medicus), Tabrizi cornflower (Centaurea congesta Wagenitz), stinking hawksbeard (Crepis foetida L.), cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata L.), Cock's comb (Onobrychis Crista-Galli (L.) Lam.), pincushion flower (Scabiosa Olivieri Coult), and wild einkorn (Triticum boeticum Boiss.), the endemic species of Senokesh district, are the most present in alkaline and sandy soils. Hog's-bean (Hyoscyamus pusillus L.) and common henbit (Lamium amplexicaule L.), the native species of the Khormazard district, are most present in soil with low acidity. The results of this study showed that the soil texture is responsible for 100% of the variance of the weed distribution. In comparison, the chemical properties of the soil only explain 52.1% of the variance of the species distribution, and some chemical properties affecting the weed community composition have been ignored.

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