شناسایی چالش های اقتصادی اجتماعی بخش کشاورزی در راستای توسعه پایدار (مورد مطالعه : شهرستان شفت)
محورهای موضوعی : مطالعات برنامه ریزی روستایی و عشایریمهدی نیکویی احمدسرایی 1 , محمد باسط قریشی 2 , عیسی پوررمضان 3
1 - گروه جغرافیا، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران
2 - گروه جغرافیا، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران
3 - گروه جغرافیا، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، رشت، ایران
کلید واژه: چالش های اقتصادی, چالش های اجتماعی, کشاورزی, توسعه پایدار, شهرستان شفت,
چکیده مقاله :
کشاورزی یکی از بخش های مهم در اقتصاد کشور است که دارای ظرفیت های بالقوه و بالفعل بسیار بوده است، این فعالیت از دیرباز سبب رونق اقتصادی روستاها و وسیله ای جهت امرار معاش روستاییان بوده چه بسا شغل اغلب ساکنان روستا مبتنی بر بهره کشی از زمین بوده و هست. مقاله حاضر در نظر دارد با هدف شناسایی چالش های اقتصادی و اجتماعی بخش کشاورزی شهرستان شفت، آنها را در راستای توسعه پایدار دسته بندی نموده و مورد ارزیابی قرار دهد. امید است توجه مدیران به چالش های موجود جلب و راهکاری مناسب جهت دستیابی به توسعه پایدار اتخاذ گردد. نوع پژوهش کاربردی، روش مورد استفاده آن توصیفی- تحلیلی و دادهها با استفاده از منابع اسنادی و مطالعات میدانی( نظر مدیران محلی و کشاورزان محترم) گردآوری شده است. جامعه نمونه 20 روستا از مجموع 94 روستای شهرستان شفت بوده و جهت بررس های میدانی از ابزار پرسشنامه (387 عدد) استفاده شده است. شهرستان شفت دارای دو بخش احمدسرگوراب و مرکزی می باشد که بخش احمدسرگوراب دارای دو دهستان احمدسرگوراب و چوبر و بخش مرکزی دارای دو دهستان جیرده و ملاسرا می باشد که جمعاً دارای 94 روستا دارای سکنه هستند عمده چالش های بخش کشاورزی شهرستان به زراعت، چایکاری، دامداری، زنبورداری، پرورش گل محمدی، پرورش ماهی، بخش نوغانداری محدود می گردد. به کمک تکنیک تحلیل عاملی مهم ترین عامل ها شناسایی و در پنج دسته چالش های کالبدی، اقتصادی، اجتماعی- فرهنگی، محیطی و مدیریتی دسته بندی شد. سپس مشخص شد به صرفه نبودن تولید مهمترین چالش های اقتصادی و فقر در کشاورزان مهمترین چالش های اجتماعی- فرهنگی هستند. چالش های اقتصادی بیشترین تاثیر را در روستای کیش خاله و کمترین تاثیر را در روستای چکوسر داشته است. چالش های اجتماعی-فرهنگی بیشترین تاثیر را در روستای گیلده و کمترین تاثیر را در روستای سفیدمزگی داشته است. از جمع بندی مطالب مشخص شد چالش های اقتصادی و اجتماعی بخش کشاورزی بیشترین تاثیر را در روستای کیش خاله و کمترین تاثیر را بر روستای چکوسر داشته اند.
Agriculture is one of the important sectors in the country's economy that has great potential and actual capacities. This activity has long been the cause of economic prosperity in villages and a means of livelihood for villagers. Perhaps the jobs of most village residents were and are based on land exploitation.The present article aims to identify the challenges facing the agricultural sector of Shaft County, classify them and evaluate them in line with sustainable development. It is hoped that managers will be drawn to the existing challenges and an appropriate solution will be adopted to achieve sustainable development.The type of research is applied, the method used is descriptive-analytical, and data was collected using documentary sources and field studies (the opinions of local managers and respected farmers). The sample population was 20 villages out of a total of 94 villages in Shaft County, and a questionnaire (387) was used for field surveys.Shaft County has two section,Ahmad Sargorab and Markazi, Ahmad Sargorab has two districts: Ahmad Sargorab and Chobar, and Markazi has two districts: Jirdeh and Molasara, which have a total of 94 inhabited villages.The main challenges of the agricultural sector in the city are limited to agriculture, tea cultivation, livestock, beekeeping, rose cultivation, fish farming, and the nougat sector. Using the factor analysis technique, the most important factors were identified and categorized into five categories of physical, economic, socio-cultural, environmental, and managerial challenges. Then, it was determined that the unprofitability of production is the most important economic challenge and poverty among farmers is the most important socio-cultural challenge. Economic challenges had the greatest impact in the village of Kish Khaleh and the least impact in the village of Chekosar. Socio-cultural challenges had the greatest impact in the village of Gildeh and the least impact in the village of Sefidmezgi. From the summary of the materials, it was determined that the economic and social challenges of the agricultural sector had the greatest impact in the village of Kish Khaleh and the least impact on the village of Chekosar.
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