Damping of Sub-synchronous Resonance Phenomenon in Wind Power Plants Connected to Series Compensated Lines Using Bridge Type Fault Current Limiter
محورهای موضوعی : Electrical EngineeringYashar Emami 1 , Amangaldi Koochaki 2 , Masoud Radmehr 3
1 - Department of Electrical Engineering, AK. C., Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran
2 - Department of Electrical Engineering, AK. C., Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran
3 - Department of Electrical Engineering, AK. C., Islamic Azad University, Aliabad Katoul, Iran
کلید واژه: Sub-synchronous resonance phenomenon modulation, bridge type resistive fault current limiter, wind power plant, series compensated line,
چکیده مقاله :
This study investigates the mitigation of Sub-Synchronous Resonance (SSR) and short-circuit current limitation in wind power plants connected to series-compensated transmission lines using a novel resistive bridge-type fault current limiter (RBFCL). Series compensation enhances power transfer but introduces SSR, a harmful oscillatory phenomenon that can damage generator shafts, while also reducing line impedance and elevating fault current levels. The paper proposes, for the first time, the application of an RBFCL to simultaneously address both challenges. The research employs an aggregated model of a 200 MW wind farm based on squirrel-cage induction generators. The SSR mechanism is analyzed from the perspectives of Induction Generator Effect (IGE) and torsional interactions. The RBFCL’s operation is detailed, featuring a bridge configuration with a DC reactor and a parallel limiting resistor controlled by semiconductor switches to insert impedance during faults and damp oscillations. Simulations conducted in PSCAD/EMTDC compare three scenarios: no controller, RBFCL, and conventional Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices like Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) and Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC). The results demonstrate that the RBFCL outperforms the other methods. It effectively dampens electromagnetic torque oscillations and significantly reduces the amplitude and duration of active power, reactive power, and fault current fluctuations following a three-phase-to-ground fault. Quantitative comparisons reveal that the RBFCL achieves the smallest oscillation amplitudes and fastest damping times. For instance, the maximum active power fluctuation with RBFCL is 0.9 p.u., compared to 1.26 p.u. with TCSC and 3.96 p.u. with STATCOM. Furthermore, the damping time for electromagnetic torque oscillations is 0.725 seconds with RBFCL, versus 1.225 and 1.350 seconds for TCSC and STATCOM, respectively. The study also explores different RBFCL structures (resistive-inductive vs. resistive-capacitive), concluding that the resistive-inductive configuration offers superior performance in damping oscillations across all measured parameters. In conclusion, the RBFCL is presented as a cost-effective and efficient dual-function solution, providing robust SSR mitigation and fault current limitation, surpassing the capabilities of traditional STATCOM and TCSC controllers in enhancing the stability and safety of series-compensated wind power systems.
This study investigates the mitigation of Sub-Synchronous Resonance (SSR) and short-circuit current limitation in wind power plants connected to series-compensated transmission lines using a novel resistive bridge-type fault current limiter (RBFCL). Series compensation enhances power transfer but introduces SSR, a harmful oscillatory phenomenon that can damage generator shafts, while also reducing line impedance and elevating fault current levels. The paper proposes, for the first time, the application of an RBFCL to simultaneously address both challenges. The research employs an aggregated model of a 200 MW wind farm based on squirrel-cage induction generators. The SSR mechanism is analyzed from the perspectives of Induction Generator Effect (IGE) and torsional interactions. The RBFCL’s operation is detailed, featuring a bridge configuration with a DC reactor and a parallel limiting resistor controlled by semiconductor switches to insert impedance during faults and damp oscillations. Simulations conducted in PSCAD/EMTDC compare three scenarios: no controller, RBFCL, and conventional Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) devices like Static Synchronous Compensator (STATCOM) and Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitor (TCSC). The results demonstrate that the RBFCL outperforms the other methods. It effectively dampens electromagnetic torque oscillations and significantly reduces the amplitude and duration of active power, reactive power, and fault current fluctuations following a three-phase-to-ground fault. Quantitative comparisons reveal that the RBFCL achieves the smallest oscillation amplitudes and fastest damping times. For instance, the maximum active power fluctuation with RBFCL is 0.9 p.u., compared to 1.26 p.u. with TCSC and 3.96 p.u. with STATCOM. Furthermore, the damping time for electromagnetic torque oscillations is 0.725 seconds with RBFCL, versus 1.225 and 1.350 seconds for TCSC and STATCOM, respectively. The study also explores different RBFCL structures (resistive-inductive vs. resistive-capacitive), concluding that the resistive-inductive configuration offers superior performance in damping oscillations across all measured parameters. In conclusion, the RBFCL is presented as a cost-effective and efficient dual-function solution, providing robust SSR mitigation and fault current limitation, surpassing the capabilities of traditional STATCOM and TCSC controllers in enhancing the stability and safety of series-compensated wind power systems.
[1] Tsili M, Papathanassiou S (2009) A review of grid code technical requirements for wind farms. IET Renew Power Gener 3(3):308–332
[2] Moharana A, Varma RK (2011) Sub-synchronous resonance in single-cage self-excited-induction-generator-based wind farm connected to series-compensated lines. IET Gener Transm Distrib 5(12):1221–1232
[3] Varma RK, Auddy S, Semsedini Y (2006) Mitigation of sub-synchronous resonance in a series-compensated wind farm using static var compensator. Power Eng Soc Gen Meet 2006 IEEE 27:1–7
[4] Boopathi R, Muzamil A, Kumudini RP (2014) Analysis and mitigation of sub-synchronous oscillations in a radially-connected wind farm. In: 2014 power energy system conference towar sustain energy, PESTSE, pp 1–7
[5] Mohammadpour HA, Islam MM, Santi E, Shin YJ (2016) SSR damping in fixed-speed wind farms using series FACTS controllers. IEEE Trans Power Deliv 31(1):76–86
[6] Mohammadpour HA, Santi E (2015) Optimal adaptive sub-synchronous resonance damping controller for a series compensated doubly-fed induction generator-based wind farm. IET Renew Power Gener 9(6):669–681
[7] Varma R, Auddy S (2008) Mitigation of sub-synchronous resonance in a series-compensated wind farm using FACTS controllers. IEEE Trans Power Deliv 23(3):1645–1654
[8] Moharana A, Varma RK, Seethapathy R (2014) SSR alleviation by STATCOM in induction-generator-based wind farm connected to series compensated line. IEEE Trans Sustain Energy 5(3):947–957
[9] Golshannavaz S, Aminifar F, Nazarpour D (2014) Application of UPFC to enhancing oscillatory response of series-compensated wind farm integrations. IEEE Trans Smart Grid 5(4):1961–1968
[10] Lyu J, Cai X, Amin M, Molinas M (2018) Sub-synchronous oscillation mechanism and its suppression in MMC-based HVDC connected wind farms. IET Gener Transm Distrib 12(4):1021–1029
[11] Chi Y, Tang B, Hu J, Tian X, Tang H, Li Y, Sun S, Shi L, Shuai L (2019) Overview of mechanism and mitigation measures on multi-frequency oscillation caused by large-scale integration of wind power. CSEE J Power Energy Syst 5(4):433–443
[12] Irwin GD, Jindal AK, Isaacs AL (2011) Sub-synchronous control interactions between Type3 wind turbines and series compensated AC transmission system. In: IEEE power energy society general meeting. 2011, pp 1–6. https: //doi.org/10.1109/PES.2011.60394 26
[13] Bongiorno M, Petersson A, Agneholmat E (2011) The impact of wind farms on subsynchronous resonance in power systems. Elforsk technical report, http://docsh are01 .docsh are.tips/files/18627 /18627 3948.pdf
[14] Firouzi M, Gharehpetian GB, Mozafari B (2017) Power flow control and short circuit current limitation of wind farms using unified inter-phase power controller. IEEE Trans Power Deliv 32(1):871–882
[15] Safaei A, Zolfaghari M, Gilvanejad M, Gharehpetian GB (2020) A survey on fault current limiters: development and technical aspects. Int J Electric Power Energy Syst 118:105729 IEEE PES SM2001 Conference, Vancouver, Canada, July 2001,pp.1-8.
[16] Okedu KE, Muyeen SM, Takahashi R, Tamura J (2016) Conceptual design and evaluation of a resistive-type SFCL for efficient fault ride through in a DFIG. IEEE Trans Appl Superconduct 26(1):105729
[17] Firouzi M, Aslani S, Gharehpetian GB, Jalilvand A (2012) Effect of superconducting fault current limiters on successful interruption of circuit breakers. In: IEEE international conference on renewable energies and power quality (ICREPQ 2012)
[18] Salami Y (2011) Dynamic performance of wind farms with bridge-type superconducting fault current limiter in distribution grid. In: Proceedings of 2nd international conference on electrical power energy conversion system, 2011, pp 1–6
[19] Firouzi M, Gharehpetian GB (2013) Improving fault ride-through capability of fixed-speed wind turbine by using bridge-type fault current limiter. IEEE Trans Energy Convers 28(2):361–369
[20] Rashid G, Ali MH (2017) Fault ride through capability improvement of DFIG based wind farm by fuzzy logic controlled parallel resonance fault current limiter. Electric Power Syst Res 146:1–8
[21] Firouzi M (2018) A modified capacitive bridge-type fault current limiter (CBFCL) for LVRT performance enhancement of wind power plants. Int Trans Electric Energy Syst 28(3):2505
[22] Rashid G, Hasan Ali M (2014) Bridge-type fault current limiter for asymmetric fault ride-through capacity enhancement of doubly fed induction machine based wind generator. In: Proceedings of IEEE energy conversion congress on expo., pp 1903–1910
[23] Firouzi M, Gharehpetian GB (2018) LVRT performance enhancement of DFIG-based wind farms by capacitive bridge-type fault current limiter. IEEE Trans Sustain 9(3):1118–1125
[24] Kartijkolaie HS, Radmehr M (2018) LVRT capability enhancement of DFIG-based wind farms by using capacitive DC reactor- type fault current limiter. Int J Electric Power Energy Syst 102:287–295
[25] Xie X, Zhang X, Liu H, Liu H, Li Y, Zhang C (2017) Characteristic analysis of subsynchronous resonance in practical wind farms connected to series-compensated transmissions. IEEE Trans Energy Convers 32(3):1117–1126
[26] Alawasa KM, Mohamed YA (2015) A simple approach to damp SSR in series-compensated systems via reshaping the output admittance of a nearby VSC-based system. IEEE Trans Ind Electron 62(5):2673–2682
[27] H. Nian, Y. Xu, L. Chen and M. Zhu, “Modeling and Analysis of DC Link Dynamics in DFIG System With an Indicator Function,” in IEEE Access, 7, 125401-125412, 2019, doi: 10.1109/ACCESS.2019.2938796.
[28] C. Zhang, X. Cai, M. Molinas and A. Rygg, “Frequency-domain modelling and stability analysis of a DFIG-based wind energy conversion system under non-compensated AC grids: impedance modelling effects and consequences on stability,” in IET Power Electronics,12, no. 4, 907-914, 10 4 2019, doi: 10.1049/ietpel.2018.5527
