Evaluating the effect of targeted exercise programs on orexin levels and general health of obese women with emphasis on the design of urban exercise spaces
محورهای موضوعی : Exercise Physiology and Performance
1 - The Cultural, Social, and Sports Organization of Isfahan Municipality,Payam Noor University, South Tehran Center,Isfahan,Iran
کلید واژه: Simultaneous training, endurance training, resistance training, obesity, orexin,
چکیده مقاله :
Increased body mass index not only increases the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, but also, through mechanisms such as impaired secretion of orexin. Environmental and social barriers limit the participation of obese women in physical activities. The lack of safe, accessible urban sports spaces that are appropriate for the physical and psychological needs of this group is one of the key factors in reducing motivation for exercise. However, intelligent design of public spaces can facilitate their participation by creating a sense of security, reducing concerns about others' judgment, and providing specialized equipment. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of three types of endurance, resistance, and combined training on plasma levels of orexin A and its relationship with general health indicators (weight, body mass index, and fat percentage index, VO2 max) in obese women, and to develop a framework for designing urban sports spaces based on the most effective identified sports program and to identify barriers and facilitators of women's participation in public sports programs. Materials and methods: Forty obese women were randomly assigned to four endurance, resistance, combined, and control groups. The experimental groups performed eight weeks of structured training, three times a week. The endurance group ran at 50-85% of their maximum heart rate, the resistance group trained at 60-80% of their one-repetition maximum with progressive overload, and the combined group combined both. 48 hours after training, blood samples were taken and orexin levels were measured by ELISA. Results: The results showed that 8 weeks of endurance, resistance, and combined training significantly increased orexin neuropeptide levels and reduced adiposity. Conclusion: Increased orexin is associated with reduced appetite and improved energy expenditure. While lower orexin levels may reduce metabolic activity, physical activity stimulates orexin production, reduces appetite, and increases energy expenditure.
Increased body mass index not only increases the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, but also, through mechanisms such as impaired secretion of orexin. Environmental and social barriers limit the participation of obese women in physical activities. The lack of safe, accessible urban sports spaces that are appropriate for the physical and psychological needs of this group is one of the key factors in reducing motivation for exercise. However, intelligent design of public spaces can facilitate their participation by creating a sense of security, reducing concerns about others' judgment, and providing specialized equipment. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the effect of three types of endurance, resistance, and combined training on plasma levels of orexin A and its relationship with general health indicators (weight, body mass index, and fat percentage index, VO2 max) in obese women, and to develop a framework for designing urban sports spaces based on the most effective identified sports program and to identify barriers and facilitators of women's participation in public sports programs. Materials and methods: Forty obese women were randomly assigned to four endurance, resistance, combined, and control groups. The experimental groups performed eight weeks of structured training, three times a week. The endurance group ran at 50-85% of their maximum heart rate, the resistance group trained at 60-80% of their one-repetition maximum with progressive overload, and the combined group combined both. 48 hours after training, blood samples were taken and orexin levels were measured by ELISA. Results: The results showed that 8 weeks of endurance, resistance, and combined training significantly increased orexin neuropeptide levels and reduced adiposity. Conclusion: Increased orexin is associated with reduced appetite and improved energy expenditure. While lower orexin levels may reduce metabolic activity, physical activity stimulates orexin production, reduces appetite, and increases energy expenditure.
1. Abedpoor N, Taghian F, Jalali Dehkordi K, Safavi K. The role of Sparasis Latifolia and Aerobic Exercise on Anti-inflammatory Activities and Regulation of Inflammatory Factors in the Intestine of Mice with Colon Cancer Under Chemotherapy. Iranian Journal of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology. 2025;19(4):13-24.
2. Hajibabaie F, Abedpoor N, Taghian F, Safavi K. A Cocktail of Polyherbal Bioactive Compounds and Regular Mobility Training as Senolytic Approaches in Age-dependent Alzheimer’s: the In Silico Analysis, Lifestyle Intervention in Old Age. J Mol Neurosci. 2023:1-14.
3. Abedpoor N, Taghian F, Hajibabaie F. Cross brain–gut analysis highlighted hub genes and LncRNA networks differentially modified during leucine consumption and endurance exercise in mice with depression-like behaviors. Mol Neurobiol. 2022;59(7):4106-23.
4. Mohajan D, Mohajan HK. Obesity and its related diseases: a new escalating alarming in global health. Journal of Innovations in Medical Research. 2023;2(3):12-23.
5. Piché M-E, Tchernof A, Després J-P. Obesity phenotypes, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. Circulation research. 2020;126(11):1477-500.
6. Gong M, Wen S, Nguyen T, Wang C, Jin J, Zhou L. Converging relationships of obesity and hyperuricemia with special reference to metabolic disorders and plausible therapeutic implications. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity. 2020:943-62.
7. Stewart J, McCallin T, Martinez J, Chacko S, Yusuf S. Hyperlipidemia. Pediatrics in review. 2020;41(8):393-402.
8. Stadler JT, Lackner S, Mörkl S, Trakaki A, Scharnagl H, Borenich A, et al. Obesity affects HDL metabolism, composition and subclass distribution. Biomedicines. 2021;9(3):242.
9. Tzenios N. Obesity as a risk factor for different types of cancer. EPRA International Journal of Research and Development (IJRD). 2023;8(2):97-100.
10. Sørensen TI, Martinez AR, Jørgensen TSH. Epidemiology of obesity. From obesity to diabetes: Springer; 2022. p. 3-27.
11. Abdelaal M, le Roux CW, Docherty NG. Morbidity and mortality associated with obesity. Annals of translational medicine. 2017;5(7):161.
12. Tam BT, Morais JA, Santosa S. Obesity and ageing: Two sides of the same coin. Obesity Reviews. 2020;21(4):e12991.
13. Mozaffarian D. Perspective: Obesity—an unexplained epidemic. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2022;115(6):1445-50.
14. DANASABE DA, JONATHAN S, MOHAMMED A. TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT, PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES AND SEDENTARY LIFE BEHAVIORS: CHALLENGES AND THE WAY FORWARD. Nigerian Journal of Human Movement, Wellness, Leisure, and Sports. 2024;5:86-95.
15. Caruso L, Zauli E, Vaccarezza M. Physical exercise and appetite regulation: new insights. Biomolecules. 2023;13(8):1170.
16. Bourdier P, Simon C, Bessesen DH, Blanc S, Bergouignan A. The role of physical activity in the regulation of body weight: The overlooked contribution of light physical activity and sedentary behaviors. Obesity Reviews. 2023;24(2):e13528.
17. Gebrye AT, BPT DS, Kumar S. Hormones, Peptides and Neurotransmitters, Effects on Appetite Regulation and their Relationship to Obesity: Systematic Review.
18. Yousefvand S, Hamidi F. Role of lateral hypothalamus area in the central regulation of feeding. International Journal of Peptide Research and Therapeutics. 2022;28(3):83.
19. Rossi MA. Control of energy homeostasis by the lateral hypothalamic area. Trends in neurosciences. 2023;46(9):738-49.
20. Adamantidis AR, de Lecea L. Sleep and the hypothalamus. Science. 2023;382(6669):405-12.
21. Zhang Y, Wang R, Liu T, Wang R. Exercise as a Therapeutic Strategy for Obesity: Central and Peripheral Mechanisms. Metabolites. 2024;14(11):589.
22. DELLA GUARDIA L. Exercise and non-pharmacological interventions to improve metabolic health and well-being in chronic conditions. 2024.
23. Zouhal H, Saeidi A, Kolahdouzi S, Ahmadizad S, Hackney AC, Abderrahmane AB. Exercise and training effects on appetite-regulating hormones in individuals with obesity. Endocrinology of physical activity and sport. 2020:535-62.
24. Ataeinosrat A, Haghighi MM, Abednatanzi H, Soltani M, Ghanbari-Niaki A, Nouri-Habashi A, et al. Effects of three different modes of resistance training on appetite hormones in males with obesity. Frontiers in Physiology. 2022;13:827335.
25. Lopes RH, Reid I, Hobson PR. The two-dimensional Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. 2007.
26. Mowery BD. The paired t-test. Pediatric nursing. 2011;37(6):320-2.
27. Vijayvargiya A. One-way analysis of variance. Journal of Validation Technology. 2009;15(1):62.
28. Mavanji V, Pomonis B, Kotz CM. Orexin, serotonin, and energy balance. WIREs mechanisms of disease. 2022;14(1):e1536.
29. Singh R, Biswas DA, Biswas D. Physiological role of orexin/hypocretin in the human body in motivated behavior: a comprehensive review. Cureus. 2023;15(1).
30. Hughes DC, Ellefsen S, Baar K. Adaptations to endurance and strength training. Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine. 2018;8(6):a029769.
31. Liu AY, Petit MA, Prior JC. Exercise and the hypothalamus: ovulatory adaptations. Endocrinology of physical activity and sport. 2020:123-51.
32. Autio J, Stenbäck V, Gagnon DD, Leppäluoto J, Herzig K-H. (Neuro) peptides, physical activity, and cognition. Journal of clinical medicine. 2020;9(8):2592.
33. Brunsden TJ. Hormonal Responses to Resistance Training and its Effects on Strength Adaptations: A Brief Overview. METHODS. 2023;10(11).
34. Bergman BC, Goodpaster BH. Exercise and muscle lipid content, composition, and localization: influence on muscle insulin sensitivity. Diabetes. 2020;69(5):848-58.
35. Zhao Y-C, Gao B-h. Integrative effects of resistance training and endurance training on mitochondrial remodeling in skeletal muscle. European Journal of Applied Physiology. 2024;124(10):2851-65.
36. Makaronidis JM, Batterham RL. The role of gut hormones in the pathogenesis and management of obesity. Current Opinion in Physiology. 2019;12:1-11.
