Experimental Investigation of Viscosity and Thermal Coefficients Affecting Heat Transfer in Crude Oil Blended with Ferric oxide Nanoparticles to Determine Its Thermophysical Properties
محورهای موضوعی : Organic and Inorganic synthesis
1 - Department of Chemical Engineering, Fir.C., Islamic Azad University, Firoozabad, Iran
کلید واژه: Nanoparticles, Thermophysical properties, Hydrodynamics, Viscosity, Ferric oxide,
چکیده مقاله :
This study investigates the influence of incorporating nanosized Ferric oxide (Fe₂O₃) particles into crude oil on its thermophysical and hydrodynamic properties. Experimental analyses were conducted using a custom-designed system consisting of an adiabatic test section, a heating unit, and a control module to evaluate variations in viscosity, density, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and flow behavior. Samples of crude oil were blended with different weight fractions of Ferric oxide nanoparticles (1–11 wt%) and tested under temperatures ranging from 25 to 90 °C. The results revealed that adding nanoparticles significantly enhanced thermal conductivity (by up to 2.48 times) and overall heat transfer coefficient (by approximately 1.5 times) compared to the base crude oil. Conversely, properties such as kinematic viscosity and Prandtl number decreased with increasing temperature and nanoparticle loading. Experimental findings indicated that nano-enhanced oils exhibited higher Reynolds and Peclet numbers, faster flow velocities, and a moderate increase in friction factor. These outcomes demonstrate the potential of Ferric oxide nanoparticles to improve the heat transfer characteristics of crude oil, making them promising candidates for advanced thermal management and efficient energy transport in petroleum processing and pipeline systems.
This study investigates the influence of incorporating nanosized Ferric oxide (Fe₂O₃) particles into crude oil on its thermophysical and hydrodynamic properties. Experimental analyses were conducted using a custom-designed system consisting of an adiabatic test section, a heating unit, and a control module to evaluate variations in viscosity, density, thermal conductivity, thermal diffusivity, and flow behavior. Samples of crude oil were blended with different weight fractions of Ferric oxide nanoparticles (1–11 wt%) and tested under temperatures ranging from 25 to 90 °C. The results revealed that adding nanoparticles significantly enhanced thermal conductivity (by up to 2.48 times) and overall heat transfer coefficient (by approximately 1.5 times) compared to the base crude oil. Conversely, properties such as kinematic viscosity and Prandtl number decreased with increasing temperature and nanoparticle loading. Experimental findings indicated that nano-enhanced oils exhibited higher Reynolds and Peclet numbers, faster flow velocities, and a moderate increase in friction factor. These outcomes demonstrate the potential of Ferric oxide nanoparticles to improve the heat transfer characteristics of crude oil, making them promising candidates for advanced thermal management and efficient energy transport in petroleum processing and pipeline systems.
1. Viscosity decreased exponentially with increasing temperature, while the presence of nanoparticles caused a slight viscosity rise at low temperatures due to enhanced particle–fluid interactions. At higher temperatures, these differences became negligible.
2. Density increased linearly with nanoparticle concentration, consistent with the volumetric mixing rule.
3. Thermal conductivity showed remarkable improvement, increasing by up to 2.5 times at 11 wt% Fe₂O₃ and 90 °C, primarily because of the high intrinsic conductivity of Ferric oxide and intensified Brownian motion.
4. Thermal diffusivity also increased with both nanoparticle loading and temperature, while specific heat capacity slightly decreased (less than 5%), indicating negligible loss in the fluid’s heat storage ability.
5. Hydrodynamic parameters such as Reynolds and Peclet numbers increased notably with nanoparticle addition, while the Prandtl number decreased, confirming enhanced convective transport properties.
6. The overall heat transfer coefficient (U) increased continuously with both temperature and nanoparticle content, reaching up to 1.5 times that of pure crude oil at 90 °C and 11 wt% Fe₂O₃.
In summary, the addition of Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles improves the heat transfer capability of crude oil through simultaneous enhancement of conduction and convection mechanisms. The observed improvements highlight the potential application of Fe₂O₃-based nanofluids in pipeline transport, petroleum processing, and thermal energy management systems. Future research should focus on long-term stability, magnetic field effects, and large-scale implementation of these nano-enhanced crude oils.
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