بررسی اکوفیتوشیمی ترکیبات ثانویه گیاهان دارویی و نقش آن در کنترل آفات
محورهای موضوعی : فیتوشیمی
محبوبه شریفی
1
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داریوش منصوری رضی
2
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فاطمه سادات حسینی
3
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کورش قادری
4
1 - بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران.
2 - دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد حشره شناسی کشاورزی، گروه باغبانی و گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران.
3 - بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران.
4 - کارشناس ارشد بخش تحقیقات گیاهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران.
کلید واژه: ترکیبات ثانویه گیاهی, اکوفیتوشیمی, بیوآفتکشها, گیاهان دارویی, مدیریت تلفیقی آفات,
چکیده مقاله :
ترکیبات ثانویه گیاهی بهعنوان فرآوردههای متابولیکی غیر ضروری برای رشد اولیه گیاهان، اما حیاتی در سازگاری و بقا، نقش مهمی در دفاع طبیعی گیاهان دارویی در برابر آفات دارند. این ترکیبات که شامل آلکالوئیدها، فلاونوئیدها، ترپنوئیدها، و سایپونینها هستند، با سازو کارهایی همچون خاصیت حشره کشی، بازدارندگی از تغذیه، ایجاد اختلال در رشد و نمو و نیز اثرات دافعه میتوانند جمعیت آفات را بهطور مؤثری کاهش دهند. شواهد اکوفیتوشیمی نشان میدهد که میزان تولید و الگوی این متابولیتها تحت تأثیر عوامل محیطی مانند دما، نور، رطوبت و تنشهای زیستی و غیر زیستی دچار تغییر میشود. این مرور با تمرکز بر منابع معتبر بین المللی و منطقهای، به بررسی تنوع ترکیبات ثانویه، مکانیسمهای اثر، کاربردهای عملی و چالشهای موجود در بهرهگیری از آنها برای مدیریت آفات پرداخته است و همچنین به چشمانداز آینده آنها بهعنوان بیوآفتکشهای پایدار پرداخته شده است. یافتههای جمع بندی شده نشان میدهد که ترکیبات ثانویه گیاهان دارویی میتوانند بهعنوان گزینهای بالقوه و زیست سازگار برای کاهش مصرف آفتکشهای شیمیایی مطرح شوند. با این حال، محدودیت هایی همچون پایداری پایین برخی اسانسها در محیط، تفاوت عملکرد میان شرایط آزمایشگاهی و مزرعهای، و نیاز به فناوریهای نوین در زمینه استخراج و فرمولاسیون، از جمله موانعی هستند که باید در تحقیقات آتی مورد توجه قرار گیرند.
As metabolic products that are not only essential for the initial growth of plants, but also are vital for adaptation and survival, plant secondary compounds play an important role in the natural defense of medicinal plants against pests. These compounds, which include alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and saponins, can effectively reduce pest populations through mechanisms such as insecticidal properties, feeding inhibition, growth and development disruption, and repellent effects. Ecophytochemical evidence shows that the production rate and pattern of these metabolites change under the influence of environmental factors such as temperature, light, humidity, and biotic and abiotic stresses. This review, focusing on reliable international and regional sources, examines the diversity of secondary compounds, their mechanisms of action, practical applications, and challenges in their use for pest management, and also discusses their future prospects as sustainable biopesticides. The summarized findings indicate that secondary compounds of medicinal plants can be considered as a potential and eco-friendly option to reduce the use of chemical pesticides. However, limitations such as the low stability of some essential oils in the environment, differences in performance between laboratory and field conditions, and the need for new technologies in the field of extraction and formulation are among the obstacles that should be considered in future research.
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