Requirements of Effective Curriculum in Higher Education from the Perspective of Complex Adaptive Systems through a Strategic Approach
محورهای موضوعی : Islamic Education
1 - Department of Educational Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Noorabad Mamasani Branch, Noorabad Mamasani, Iran
کلید واژه: Higher Education, Curriculum, Effectiveness, Complex Adaptive Systems, Strategic Approach.,
چکیده مقاله :
The aim of the present study was to achieve the requirements of an effective curriculum in higher education from the perspective of a complex and adaptive system with a strategic approach. It was applied in terms of its purpose and qualitative in terms of its implementation method. The research method was descriptive-analytical. To identify the themes, the data exploration method based on Strauss and Corbin (1990), thematic analysis, and to determine the content validity, content analysis was used. The identification of the basic and organizing themes of the first and second levels was addressed by considering the research of education experts and the collection of field and library data and information. Higher education, as the source of transformation and development of science and technology, in an effort to improve its quality and maintain its meaningful survival and sustainable development, is inevitably subject to continuous adaptation and adaptation to existing and emerging conditions, improvement and, if necessary, fundamental transformation. Higher education, as a complex, adaptive system, is inevitably required to provide and guarantee maximum effectiveness in internal, external and institutional dimensions in order to implement its goals and missions. The Mask Yoda software (Maxqda, 2022) has been used to analyze the data in the qualitative section. The results indicate the identification of 3 first-level themes, 10 second-level themes and 15 basic themes. The findings of this study show that the curriculum must adopt a strategic approach to achieve this goal. That is, it must be able to provide a strategic response for maximum adaptation and have a strategic change accordingly in order to achieve strategic success. In this regard, the curriculum as a whole and each of its elements (objectives, content, teaching methods, and evaluation...) must have the flexibility and agility necessary for response, change, and strategic success.
The aim of the present study was to achieve the requirements of an effective curriculum in higher education from the perspective of a complex and adaptive system with a strategic approach. It was applied in terms of its purpose and qualitative in terms of its implementation method. The research method was descriptive-analytical. To identify the themes, the data exploration method based on Strauss and Corbin (1990), thematic analysis, and to determine the content validity, content analysis was used. The identification of the basic and organizing themes of the first and second levels was addressed by considering the research of education experts and the collection of field and library data and information. Higher education, as the source of transformation and development of science and technology, in an effort to improve its quality and maintain its meaningful survival and sustainable development, is inevitably subject to continuous adaptation and adaptation to existing and emerging conditions, improvement and, if necessary, fundamental transformation. Higher education, as a complex, adaptive system, is inevitably required to provide and guarantee maximum effectiveness in internal, external and institutional dimensions in order to implement its goals and missions. The Mask Yoda software (Maxqda, 2022) has been used to analyze the data in the qualitative section. The results indicate the identification of 3 first-level themes, 10 second-level themes and 15 basic themes. The findings of this study show that the curriculum must adopt a strategic approach to achieve this goal. That is, it must be able to provide a strategic response for maximum adaptation and have a strategic change accordingly in order to achieve strategic success. In this regard, the curriculum as a whole and each of its elements (objectives, content, teaching methods, and evaluation...) must have the flexibility and agility necessary for response, change, and strategic success.
Arefi, Mahboobeh; Fathi Vajargah, Kourosh; Nasaj, Saeideh (2010). Study of the Effectiveness of the Entrepreneurship Curriculum of the Vocational Education Branch of Secondary Education. Quarterly Journal of Career and Organizational Counseling. Volume 2, Issue 4.
Bazargan, Abbas. (2020), Educational Evaluation. Tehran. Samt Publications. Fourth edition.
Complex Adaptive Systems. Serena Chan. (2001). ESD.83 Research Seminar in Engineering Systems. October 31, 2001/November 6.
Hoy, W.K. & Miskel, C.G, (2013. Educational Administration, 9th edition. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Mehrmohammadi, Mahmoud (2007). Management, Innovation and Efficient Schools. Collection of Papers of the First Seminar on Educational Management, Tehran: Allameh Tabatabaei University.
Middle States Commission on Higher Education 3624 Market Street, Philadelphia, 2005. www.msche.org.
Mohsenpour, Bahram (2018), Principles of Educational Planning. Tehran: Samt.
Morel. B, and R. Ramanujam. (1999) "Through the Looking Glass of Complexity:The Dynamics of Organizations as Adaptive and Evolving Systems"Oranization Science ,Vol.10,NO .3.
Norouzi, Nasraleh; Marzooghi, Rahmatullah; Jafari, Sakineh; Zeinali, Fatemeh (2012), Evaluation of the Internal Effectiveness of the Elementary Mathematics Curriculum for Mentally Impaired Students from the Perspective of Teachers of Special Schools in Shiraz. Proceedings of the Fourth National Education Conference: Shahid Rajaee University.
Ollhoff, J. & Walcheski, M. (2002). Stepping in wholes: Introduction to complex systems. Eden Prairie, MN: Sparrow Media Group.
Pohl, J. (1999). “Some Notions of Complex Adaptive Systems and their Relationship to Our World.” InterSymp-99: Advances in Collaborative Decision-Support Systems for Design, Planning and Execution; p. 9-24.
Sheldon, M. R., Golub, A. J., Langevin, J. R. (2008). Improving institutional effectiveness: Description and application of an implementation model. Planning for Higher Education, 6 (2), 17-26.
Stoner, James and Freeman, Edward. (2023). Management, translated by Mohammad Arabi and Ali Parsaian, first edition, Tehran: Institute of Business Studies and Research Publications.
Taghizadeh, Setareh (2022), Development and Presentation of a Model for the Evaluation and Development of the University's Organizational Capability, Case Study of Shiraz University, Master's Thesis. Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Shiraz University.
The Health Foundation (2010). “Evidence scan :Complex adaptive systems”. London. Available at: http://www.health.org.uk/public. pdf.
Turkzadeh, Jafar (2024), Strategic Leadership in Higher Education. Collection of Articles: New Approaches and Perspectives in Higher Education. Edited by Mohammad Yemeni Dozi Sorkhabi. Cultural and Social Studies Research Institute Publications.
-Turkzadeh, Jafar; Majidi, Abdullah; Noormohammadi, Hadi (2020), External Effectiveness Evaluation of the Curriculum for the Training of the Ranks of the Police Department of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (NAJA). Quarterly Journal of Police Management Studies, Year 4, Issue 4. pp. 461-481.
Turkzadeh, Jafar; Mohammadi, Mehdi and Ghasemi Ghasemvand, Mahmoud Reza (2014). Evaluation of Internal, External and Institutional Effectiveness of the Education System in Arvand Petrochemical Company. Humanities and Arts, Year 1, Issue 4. pp. 124-138.
UNESCO (1993). International Workshop on Curriculum Development in Technical and Vocational Education (Turin, Italy, 30 August-3 September 1993) - Final Report. Available at: http://www.unesco.org/education/pdf.
Yamini Dozi Sorkhabi, Mohammad. Arefi, Mahboobeh. Diba Vajari, Talat (2011), Conceptualization of Higher Education Curriculum Planning Models: (Experiences and Achievements), Quarterly Journal of Research in Curriculum Planning, Year 8, Volume 2, Issue 30, p. 49.
Yamini Sardozi, Mohammad (2003). Academic Development Planning: Theories and Experiences, Shahid Beheshti University Publications.
