جداسازی و شناسایی فلور باکتریایی آب و رسوب استخرهای پرورش ماهی کپور نقره¬ای (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)
محورهای موضوعی : میکروب شناسی کاربردی
مهران آوخ کیسمی
1
,
علی محمد پور
2
,
محمد رهاننده
3
,
افشار ذوقی شلمانی
4
1 - بخش تحقیقات شیلات و آبزیان، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزي و منابع طبیعی استان گیلان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزي، رشت، ایران.
2 - بخش تحقیقات زیست محیطی، اداره کل محیط زیست استان گیلان، سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست کشور، رشت، ایران.
3 - بخش تحقیقات شیلات و آبزیان، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزي و منابع طبیعی استان گیلان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزي، رشت، ایران.
4 - بخش تحقیقات شیلات و آبزیان، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزي و منابع طبیعی استان گیلان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزي، رشت، ایران.
کلید واژه: رسوب استخر, فلور باکتریایی, کپور نقره¬ای, مولد,
چکیده مقاله :
در پرورش ماهی کپور نقره‌ای (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) به دلیل روش تغذیه‌ای پوره خواری، بیماری‌های عفونی ناشی از باکتری‌ها یکی از عوامل مهم تلفات است. هدف از اين مطالعه جداسازی و شناسايي فلور باکتریایی آب و رسوب استخرهای پرورش ماهی کپور نقره‌ای پرورشي منطقه سنگر رشت بود. جهت جداسازی و شناسایی فلور باکتریایی، از آب و رسوب استخرهای پرورش چهار مزرعه دارای مولدین ماهی کپور نقره¬ای با میانگین وزن 99/0 ± 76/5 کیلوگرم كشت ميكروبي مقدماتي و تفريقي انجام گرفت. نمونه¬های رشدیافته پس از كشت مجدد، خالص¬سازي و بر اساس جدول آزمايش¬های شيميايي به بررسی و مطالعه خواص آن¬ها اقدام و تا حد گونه شناسايي گردیدند. در بررسی متغیرهای فیزیکوشیمیایی آب مزارع نمونه¬برداری شده و شمارش باکتریایی آب مکان¬های نمونه‌برداری مولدین اختلاف معنی¬داری مشاهده نگردید. بعد از جداسازی و تعیین صفات مورفولوژیکی و بیوشیمیایی، نمونه باکتری‌های جداسازی شده 11 جنس از آب و رسوب استخرهای پرورش شناسایی گردید که فراوان¬ترین آن‌ها جنس¬های Bacillus، Aeromonas و Pseuodomonas بودند، اگرچه نمونه¬های گرم مثبت فرصت‌طلب و عمومی نیز مانند Micrococcus sp. و Staphylococcus sp. مشاهده شد. بر اساس نتایج این تحقیق، اختلاف تراکم باکتری¬های گرم منفی و گرم مثبت جدا¬سازی شده از نمونه¬ها معنی‌دار نبود. اگرچه تعداد زیادی از باکتری¬های جدا¬سازی شده در این تحقیق بیماری‌زا شناخته شده‌اند، اما پاتوژن اولیه نبوده و در درون و سطح بدن آبزیان و در آب دریا، مصب¬ها و محیط¬های آب شیرین به¬عنوان قسمتی از میکرو فلورای طبیعی محسوب می¬شوند. البته در شرایط بروز استرس و تحلیل سیستم ایمنی بدن آبزیان می‌توانند بیماری¬زایی نمایند.
In silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) farming, due to their purifying feeding method, infectious diseases caused by bacteria are one of the important causes of mortality. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify the bacterial flora of water and sediment in silver carp farming ponds in Rasht. In order to isolate and identify bacterial flora, preliminary and differential microbial culture was performed on water and sediment from 4 farms with silver carp brood stock (5.76 ± 0.99 kg). The grown samples were re-cultured, purified, and their properties were examined and studied based on the chemical test table and identified to the species level. No significant differences were observed in the physicochemical variables of the water of the sampled fields and the bacterial count of the water of the ponds. After isolation and determination of morphological and biochemical characteristics, 11 genera of bacteria were isolated. The most abundant of which were the genera Bacillus, Aeromonas, and Pseudomonas, although opportunistic and generalist Gram-positive samples such as Micrococcus sp. and Staphylococcus sp. were also observed. The difference in the density of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria isolated from the samples was not significant. Although many of the bacteria isolated in this study are known to be pathogenic, they are not primary pathogens and are considered part of the natural micro flora within and on the bodies of aquatic animals and in freshwater environments. However, they can become pathogenic under conditions of stress and compromised immune systems.
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