تحولات بهزیستی روانشناختی بهبودیافتگان از کووید 19 در دوره پساکرونا: یک مطالعه داده بنیاد
محورهای موضوعی : سلامت
فاطمه رشیدی پور
1
,
سیده سارا آقائی ثابت
2
,
سحر صوفی
3
,
سعید سروندی
4
1 - استادیار گروه روانشناسی، موسسه آموزش عالی آل طه، تهران، ایران. Rashidi.psychologist@yahoo.com ،
2 - ( نویسنده مسئول)، استادیار گروه روانشناسی، واحد یادگار امام خمینی(ره) شهرری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران. dr.sabet@iau.ir .
3 - کاندیدای دکتری روانشناسی تربیتی، گروه روانشناسی، دانشگاه تهران (پردیس بین المللی کیش)، تهران، ایران. sahar.soufi1392@gmail.com ،
4 - کارشناس ارشد مشاوره خانواده، واحد تهران جنوب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران. ssatarood@gmail.com،
کلید واژه: بهزیستی روانشناختی, کووید-۱۹, معنای زندگی, نظریه داده بنیاد,
چکیده مقاله :
چکیده مقدمه: پژوهش حاضر با هدف ارائه نظریه‌ای جامع در تبیین تحولات بهزیستی روانشناختی در بهبودیافتگان از کووید-۱۹ انجام شد. روش پژوهش: این پژوهش کیفی از نوع داده بنیاد بود. بدین منظور تا حد رسیدن به اشباع اطلاعاتی، 35 نفر واجد ملاک ورود به نمونه پژوهش، به روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند انتخاب و طی مصاحبه نیمه ساختار یافته، به سوالات پروتکل مصاحبه پاسخ دادند. یافته ها: براساس تحلیل متنی دادهها، عواملی چون توانایی تحمل ابهام، مواجهه با مرگ، درک تنهایی مطلق و مواجهه با خویشتن در تعامل با عوامل مداخلهگر و زمینهای همچون حمایت خانواده، کادر درمان و توجه به امور معنوی، به پیامدهای مثبت چون درک فزاینده از مفهوم زندگی، پذیرش، نرم شدن در روابط و درک مفهوم عشق منجر شده است. نتیجه گیری: به این ترتیب میاز یافته ها میتوان نتیجه گرفت کووید 19، منجر به وسعت بهزیستی روانشناختی پس از بهبودی گشته و تغییرات بنیادین در نگاه به پدیده¬های مادی و معنوی ایجاد کرده است. شکل گیری چنین نگاه بدیعی، آغازی برای زیستن در لحظه اکنون و اینجاست.
Abstract Introduction: The present study was conducted with the aim of presenting a comprehensive theory to explain the changes in psychological well-being in those who recovered from COVID-19. Research method: This was a qualitative data-based study. To this end, 35 people who met the criteria for entering the research sample were selected through purposive sampling until information saturation was reached and answered the interview protocol questions during a semi-structured interview. Findings: Based on textual analysis of the data, factors such as the ability to tolerate ambiguity, facing death, understanding absolute loneliness, and facing oneself in interaction with intervening factors and contexts such as family support, medical staff, and attention to spiritual matters have led to positive outcomes such as an increased understanding of the meaning of life, acceptance, softening in relationships, and understanding the concept of love. Conclusion: Thus, it can be concluded from the findings that COVID-19 has led to the expansion of psychological well-being after recovery and has created fundamental changes in the way we look at material and spiritual phenomena. The formation of such a novel perspective is the beginning of living in the here and now
© 2020 The Author(s). This work is published by family and health as an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted, provided the original work is properly cited.
منابع:
1. Lai TH, Tang EW, Chau SK, Fung KS, Li KK. Stepping up infection control measures in ophthalmology during the novel coronavirus outbreak: an experience from Hong Kong. Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology. 2020;258:1049-55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-020-04641-8
2. Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. The lancet. 2020;395(10229):1054-62. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3
3. World Health O. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): situation report, 90. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020 2020-04-19. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/331859
4. Bao Y, Sun Y, Meng S, Shi J, Lu L. 2019-nCoV epidemic: address mental health care to empower society. The lancet. 2020;395(10224):e37-e8. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30309-3
5. Li S, Wang Y, Xue J, Zhao N, Zhu T. The impact of COVID-19 epidemic declaration on psychological consequences: a study on active Weibo users. International journal of environmental research and public health. 2020;17(6):2032. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062032
6. Sun L, Sun Z, Wu L, Zhu Z, Zhang F, Shang Z, et al. Prevalence and risk factors of acute posttraumatic stress symptoms during the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, China. MedRxiv. 2020;10(2020.03):06.20032425. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.06.20032425
7. Tian F, Li H, Tian S, Yang J, Shao J, Tian C. Psychological symptoms of ordinary Chinese citizens based on SCL-90 during the level I emergency response to COVID-19. Psychiatry research. 2020;288:112992. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112992
8. Cai H, Tu B, Ma J, Chen L, Fu L, Jiang Y, et al. Psychological impact and coping strategies of frontline medical staff in Hunan between January and March 2020 during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Hubei, China. Medical science monitor: international medical journal of experimental and clinical research. 2020;26:e924171-1. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.924171
9. Xiao S, Luo D, Xiao Y. Survivors of COVID-19 are at high risk of posttraumatic stress disorder. Global health research and policy. 2020;5(1):29. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41256-020-00155-2
10. Kong X, Zheng K, Tang M, Kong F, Zhou J, Diao L, et al. Prevalence and factors associated with depression and anxiety of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. MedRxiv. 2020:2020.03. 24.20043075. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.24.20043075
11. Ceri V, Cicek I. Psychological well-being, depression and stress during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey: a comparative study of healthcare professionals and non-healthcare professionals. Psychology, health & medicine. 2021;26(1):85-97. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2020.1859566
12. Asmundson GJ, Paluszek MM, Taylor S. Real versus illusory personal growth in response to COVID-19 pandemic stressors. Journal of Anxiety Disorders. 2021;81:102418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102418
13. Hamam AA, Milo S, Mor I, Shaked E, Eliav AS, Lahav Y. Peritraumatic reactions during the COVID-19 pandemic–The contribution of posttraumatic growth attributed to prior trauma. Journal of psychiatric research. 2021;132:23-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.09.029
14. Pietrzak RH, Tsai J, Southwick SM. Association of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder with posttraumatic psychological growth among US veterans during the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA network open. 2021;4(4):e214972-e. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.4972
15. Tamiolaki A, Kalaitzaki AE. “That which does not kill us, makes us stronger”: COVID-19 and posttraumatic growth. Psychiatry research. 2020;289:113044. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113044
16. Vazquez C, Valiente C, García FE, Contreras A, Peinado V, Trucharte A, et al. Post-traumatic growth and stress-related responses during the COVID-19 pandemic in a national representative sample: The role of positive core beliefs about the world and others. Journal of happiness studies. 2021:1-21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-020-00352-3
17. Zhai H-K, Li Q, Hu Y-X, Cui Y-X, Wei X-W, Zhou X. Emotional creativity improves posttraumatic growth and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology. 2021;12:600798. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.600798
18. Arenliu A, Shala-Kastrati F, Berisha Avdiu V, Landsman M. Posttraumatic growth among family members with missing persons from war in Kosovo: Association with social support and community involvement. OMEGA-Journal of Death and Dying. 2019;80(1):35-48. https://doi.org/10.1177/0030222817725679
19. Calhoun LG. Posttraumatic Growth: Theory, Research, and Applications: Routledge; 2018.
20. Teodorescu D-S, Siqveland J, Heir T, Hauff E, Wentzel-Larsen T, Lien L. Posttraumatic growth, depressive symptoms, posttraumatic stress symptoms, post-migration stressors and quality of life in multi-traumatized psychiatric outpatients with a refugee background in Norway. Health and quality of life outcomes. 2012;10:1-16. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-10-84
21. pan Cui P, pan Wang P, Wang K, Ping Z, Wang P, Chen C. Post-traumatic growth and influencing factors among frontline nurses fighting against COVID-19. Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2021;78(2):129-35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2020-106540
22. Stallard P, Pereira AI, Barros L. Post-traumatic growth during the COVID-19 pandemic in carers of children in Portugal and the UK: cross-sectional online survey. BJPsych open. 2021;7(1):e37. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjo.2021.1
23. Mohajan D, Mohajan H. Development of grounded theory in social sciences: a qualitative approach. 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56397/SSSH.2022.12.02
24. Nazir J. Using phenomenology to conduct environmental education research: Experience and issues. The Journal of Environmental Education. 2016;47(3):179-90. https://doi.org/10.1080/00958964.2015.1063473
25. Creswell JW. Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research: pearson; 2015.
26. Charmaz K, Belgrave LL. Thinking about data with grounded theory. Qualitative inquiry. 2019;25(8):743-53. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077800418809455
27. Lincoln YS, Guba EG. Criteria for Assessing Naturalistic Inquiries as Reports. 1988.
28. Mazza MG, De Lorenzo R, Conte C, Poletti S, Vai B, Bollettini I, et al. Anxiety and depression in COVID-19 survivors: Role of inflammatory and clinical predictors. Brain, behavior, and immunity. 2020;89:594-600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.07.037
29. Mehrabi E, Hajian S, Simbar M, Houshyari M, Zayeri F. Post-traumatic growth: a qualitative analysis of experiences regarding positive psychological changes among Iranian women with breast cancer. Electronic physician. 2015;7(5):1239. https://doi.org/10.14661/1239
30. Hefferon K, Grealy M, Mutrie N. Post‐traumatic growth and life threatening physical illness: A systematic review of the qualitative literature. British journal of health psychology. 2009;14(2):343-78. https://doi.org/10.1348/135910708X332936
31. Karagiorgou O, Evans JJ, Cullen B. Post-traumatic growth in adult survivors of brain injury: A qualitative study of participants completing a pilot trial of brief positive psychotherapy. Disability and rehabilitation. 2018;40(6):655-9. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2016.1274337
32. Zhai P, Ding Y, Wu X, Long J, Zhong Y, Li Y. The epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19. International journal of antimicrobial agents. 2020;55(5):105955. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.105955
33. Palmer E, Murphy D, Spencer-Harper L. Experience of post-traumatic growth in UK veterans with PTSD: A qualitative study. BMJ Military Health. 2017;163(3):171-6. https://doi.org/10.1136/jramc-2015-000607
34. Khanjani MS, Younesi SJ, Khankeh HR, Azkhosh M. Exploring facilitators of post-traumatic growth in patients with spinal cord injury: A qualitative study. Electronic physician. 2017;9(1):3544. https://doi.org/10.19082/3544
35. Rzeszutek M. Social support and posttraumatic growth in a longitudinal study of people living with HIV: the mediating role of positive affect. European Journal of Psychotraumatology. 2017;8(1):1412225. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2017.1412225
36. Ye Y, Xu X, Wang S, Wang S, Xu X, Yuan C, et al. Evaluating the control strategies and measures for COVID-19 epidemic in mainland China: A city-level observational study. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2020:1-22. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.20.264739.
37. Janoff-Bulman R. Posttraumatic growth: Three explanatory models. Psychological inquiry. 2004;15(1):30-4. http://www.jstor.org/stable/20447198
38. Rajandram RK, Jenewein J, McGrath C, Zwahlen RA. Coping processes relevant to posttraumatic growth: An evidence-based review. Supportive Care in Cancer. 2011;19:583-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-011-1105-0
39. China N. The notice of launching guideline on diagnosis and treatment of the novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP). Revised version of the 5th edition. 2020. http://www.nhc.gov.cn/yzygj/s7652m/202003/a31191442e29474b98bfed5579d5af95.shtml
40. Henson C, Truchot D, Canevello A. What promotes post traumatic growth? A systematic review. European Journal of Trauma & Dissociation. 2021;5(4):100195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejtd.2020.100195
