کارسینوم پستانی گربه: چالشها و پیشرفتها در آنکولوژی دامپزشکی
محورهای موضوعی : پژوهش های بالینی و آزمایشگاهی دامپزشکی
عرفان افتخار
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نوشین فرندپور
2
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روناک عزیز بیگی
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علی کرمیان
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شاهین درویشی
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1 - دانشجوی دوره دکترای عمومی دامپزشکی، دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی واحد سنندج ایران
2 - دانشجوی دکترای عمومی دامپزشکی، واحد سنندج ،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سنندج،ایران
3 - گروه علوم پایه، واحد سنندج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، سنندج، ایران
4 - استادیار، دانشکده دامپزشکی، دانشگاه رازی
5 - دانشجوی دکتری عمومی دامپزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران
کلید واژه: تومور پستانی گربه, کارسینوم پستانی گربه, آنکولوژی تطبیقی, نشانگرهای مولکولی, درمان هدفمند, ماستکتومی.,
چکیده مقاله :
تومورهای پستانی گربه (FMT)، به عنوان یکی از شایعترین نئوپلاسمها در گربههای ماده مسن، به دلیل ماهیت عمدتاً بدخیم (85-90%) و رفتار بیولوژیکی تهاجمی، چالشی برجسته در آنکولوژی دامپزشکی به شمار میروند. این مقاله مروری، دانش کنونی پیرامون اپیدمیولوژی، عوامل خطر (شامل سن بالا و وضعیت هورمونی، با تأکید بر نقش محافظتی عقیمسازی زودهنگام)، پاتوژنز مولکولی، تشخیص مبتنی بر هیستوپاتولوژی، مرحلهبندی TNM و عوامل پیشآگهی کلیدی (اندازه تومور، درجه بدخیمی، درگیری غدد لنفاوی) را به طور جامع بررسی میکند.
درمان استاندارد طلایی، ماستکتومی رادیکال است؛ با این حال، تمایل بالای این تومورها به متاستاز، ضرورت درمانهای کمکی سیستمیک مانند شیمیدرمانی با دوکسوروبیسین را مطرح میسازد، هرچند اثربخشی قطعی آن در بهبود بقا همچنان نیازمند تحقیقات بیشتر است. محدودیتهای درمانی فعلی، پژوهشها را به سمت درک عمیقتر مسیرهای مولکولی و شناسایی اهداف درمانی نوین سوق داده است. شباهتهای قابل توجه FMT با زیرگروههای تهاجمی سرطان پستان انسانی (مانند HER2-مثبت و سهگانه منفی)، گربه را به مدلی طبیعی و ارزشمند در آنکولوژی تطبیقی بدل کرده است.
تحقیقات کنونی بر درمانهای هدفمند مولکولی، ایمونوتراپی، و روشهای نوظهور متمرکز شدهاند. این مرور بر اهمیت تشخیص زودهنگام، جراحی تهاجمی و لزوم اعتبارسنجی نشانگرهای زیستی و ارزیابی درمانهای پیشرفته برای بهبود نتایج بالینی در گربههای مبتلا تأکید دارد و پیشرفتهای اخیر را نویدبخش مدیریت مؤثرتر این بیماری چالشبرانگیز میداند.
Feline Mammary Tumors (FMT), among the most common neoplasms in elderly female cats, pose a significant challenge in veterinary oncology due to their predominantly malignant nature (85–90%) and aggressive biological behavior. This review article provides a comprehensive analysis of current knowledge on epidemiology, risk factors (including advanced age and hormonal status, with emphasis on the protective role of early spaying), molecular pathogenesis, histopathology-based diagnosis, TNM staging, and key prognostic factors (tumor size, malignancy grade, and lymph node involvement).
The gold standard treatment is radical mastectomy; however, the high metastatic propensity of these tumors necessitates systemic adjuvant therapies such as chemotherapy with doxorubicin, although its definitive efficacy in improving survival remains an area requiring further research. Current therapeutic limitations have driven investigations toward a deeper understanding of molecular pathways and the identification of novel therapeutic targets. Notably, FMT shares considerable similarities with aggressive subtypes of human breast cancer (such as HER2-positive and triple-negative tumors), making cats a valuable natural model in comparative oncology.
Ongoing research focuses on molecular-targeted therapies, immunotherapy, and emerging treatment strategies. This review highlights the importance of early diagnosis, aggressive surgical intervention, and the necessity of validating biomarkers and evaluating advanced therapies to enhance clinical outcomes in affected cats. Recent advancements promise more effective management of this challenging disease.
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