کارایی عصاره‌ی Melia azedarach همراه با دوز پایین استامی‌پرید علیه شته کلم در مناظر شهری
محورهای موضوعی : مجله گیاهان زینتی
احمد عبداله زاده زرندی
1
,
کمال احمدی
2
1 - بخش گیاهپزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان
2 - گروه گیاه پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، ایران
کلید واژه: مدیریت شته, آفت‌کش‌های زیستی, هم‌افزایی حشره‌کش‌ها, مدیریت تلفیقی آفات, کنترل آفات شهری,
چکیده مقاله :
شته مومی کلم (.Brevicoryne brassicae L) که یکی از آفات مهم محصولات خانواده کلمیان محسوب می‌شود، معمولاً با استفاده از آفت‌کش‌های شیمیایی کنترل می‌گردد. بااین‌حال، استفاده بیش‌ازحد از این ترکیبات منجر به بروز مقاومت در آفات، آلودگی‌های زیست‌محیطی و مخاطرات بهداشتی می‌شود. ترکیب آفت‌کش‌های مصنوعی با عصاره‌های گیاهی طبیعی می‌تواند منجر به کاهش میزان مصرف آفت‌کش‌ها شود، درحالی‌که اثربخشی کنترل آفات همچنان حفظ گردد. در این پژوهش، کارایی ترکیب حشره‌کش استامی‌پرید با عصاره اتانولی-آبی میوه زیتون تلخ Melia azedarach L از خانواده Meliaceae در کنترل شته کلم و تولید پوره‌های آن مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که تیمار ترکیبی استامی‌پرید با غلظت 100 پی پی ام و عصاره اتانولی-آبی زیتون تلخ با غلظت 2000 پی پی ام در تمامی مراحل کمترین میانگین جمعیت را نشان داد؛ به‌طوری‌که تعداد شته‌ها در روز هفتم 0/64 ± 2/75، در روز چهاردهم 2/78 ± 10/60 و در روز بیست و یکم 8/15 ± 29/5 شته بود. میزان کل تولید پوره طی ده روز در تیمار شاهد بیشترین مقدار را داشت (1/27 ± 33/67)، درحالی‌که کمترین میزان تولید پوره در تیمار ترکیبی استامی‌پرید با غلظت 10 پی پی ام و زیتون تلخ با غلظت 2000 پی پی ام مشاهده شد (1/6 ± 26/98). علاوه بر این، میزان مرگ‌ومیر تجمعی طی ده روز نشان داد که ترکیب اخیر بالاترین درصد مرگ‌ومیر(4/21 ± 60/0) را در بین تیمارها ایجاد کرده است، درحالی‌که گروه شاهد کمترین میزان مرگ‌ومیر (4/47±30/0) را نشان داد. این نتایج بیانگر آن است که ترکیب آفت‌کش‌ها با عصاره‌های گیاهی ممکن است منجر به کاهش میزان مصرف آفت‌کش‌ها گردد، درحالی‌که کنترل مؤثر آفات همچنان حفظ شود؛ هرچند، انجام تحقیقات بیشتر برای تأیید این یافته‌ها ضروری است.
Brevicoryne brassicae L., a major pest of brassica crops, is typically controlled with chemical pesticides; however, excessive use leads to resistance development, environmental contamination, and health hazards. Combining synthetic pesticides with botanical extracts offers a promising strategy to reduce pesticide doses while maintaining efficacy. This study evaluates the combined effect of acetamiprid and an ethanolic-water extract of Melia azedarach L. (Meliaceae) on cabbage aphids and their nymph production. Results showed that the treatment with acetamiprid (100 ppm) and M. azedarach ethanolic-water extract (2000 ppm) had the lowest population averages at all-time points: 2.75±0.64 aphids on day 7, 10.60 ± 2.78 on day 14, and 29.5 ± 8.15 on day 21. The total nymph production over ten days was highest in the control treatment (33.67 ± 1.27), while the lowest average was observed in the acetamiprid (10 ppm) and M. azedarach (2000 ppm) treatment (26.98 ± 1.6). Furthermore, the total mortality percentages over ten days showed that the combination of acetamiprid (10 ppm) and M. azedarach (2000 ppm) caused the highest cumulative mortality (60.0 ± 4.21%), while the control group exhibited the lowest mortality (30.0 ± 4.47%). These findings indicate that combining pesticides with plant extracts may reduce the required pesticide dosage while maintaining effective pest control, although further research is needed to confirm these findings.
Abu-Duka, A.B. and Mohammadali, M.T. 2021. Study of the effectiveness of pesticides thiamethoxam and acetamiprid against cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae and measure the residue of acetamiprid in leaves and soil of cabbage using HPLC. Plant Cell Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, 22 (19-20): 123-129. https://ikprress.org/index.php/PCBMB/article/view/6101
Araya, A., Gebretsadkan, A., Fitiwy, I., Tewelde-berhan, S. and Tadesse, T. 2023. Effects of bio-rational insecticides on diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.) and cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae L.) on cabbage. The Open Agriculture Journal, 17 (1): 1-7. http://doi.org/10.2174/18743315-v17-e230828-2023-23
Bacci, L., Crespo, A.L., Galvan, T.L., Pereira, E.J., Picanço, M.C., Silva, G.A. and Chediak, M. 2007. Toxicity of insecticides to the sweetpotato whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and its natural enemies. Pest Management Science: Formerly Pesticide Science, 63 (7): 699-706. https://doi.org/10.1002/ps.1393
Dash, S., Mohapatra, L.N., Swain, S. and Swain, D.K. 2019. Bio-efficacy of newer insecticides in combination with neem product against plant hoppers of rice. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 7 (1): 1152-1155.
Forouhar, Z., Abbasipour, H. and Karimi, J. 2024. Effects of Melia azedarach extract on demographic and biochemical characteristics of the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae. Toxicon, 247: 107851. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107851
Gabryś, B.J., Gadomski, H.J., Klukowski, Z., Pickett, J.A., Sobota, G.T., Wadhams, L.J. and Woodcock, C.M. 1997. Sex pheromone of cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae: Identification and field trapping of male aphids and parasitoids. Journal of Chemical Ecology, 23: 1881-1890. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006457.28372.48
Ghasemi Ghehsareh, M. 2023. Effects of different concentrations of nitrogen and potassium on morpho-physiological indices of ornamental kale. Flower and Ornamental Plants, 8 (1): 89-104. (in Persian). http://dx.doi.org/10.61186/flowerjournal.8.1.89
Isman, M.B. 2006. Botanical insecticides, deterrents, and repellents in modern agriculture and an increasingly regulated world. Annual Review of Entomology, 51 (1): 45-66. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.51.110104.151146
Jafari Nasab, B., Rafiee Karahroodi, Z., Gholamian, E. and Vafaei Shooshtari, R. 2015. The investigation study of toxicity imidacoloprid, acetamiprid, pirimicarb and diazinon on the mortality of rose aphid, Macrosiphum rosae L. (Hem.: Aphididae). Journal of Iranian Plant Protection Research, 29 (3): 466-469. (In Persian). https://doi.org/10.22067/jpp.v29i3.38115
Khan, A.A. 2021. Bio-efficacy of botanical pesticides against mealy cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae L.) and bio-safety against its natural enemies in cruciferous vegetable ecosystem of Kashmir. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 9 (2): 1332-1336.
Khan, H.A.A., Akram, W., Shad, S.A. and Lee, J.J. 2013. Insecticide mixtures could enhance the toxicity of insecticides in a resistant dairy population of Musca domestica L. Plos One, 8 (4): e60929. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0060929
Kibrom, G., Kebede, K., Weldehaweria, G., Dejen, G., Mekonen, S., Gebreegziabher, E. and Nagappan, R. 2012. Field evaluation of aqueous extract of Melia azedarach Linn. seeds against cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae Linn. (Homoptera: Aphididae), and its predator Coccinella septempunctata Linn. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). Archives of Phytopathology and Plant protection, 45 (11): 1273-1279. https://doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2012.673260
Köhler, W., Schachtel, G. and Voleske, P. 2012. Biostatistik: Eine einführung für biologen und agrarwissenschaftler. 5th German ed. Springer Berlin, Berlin (in German).
Li, X., Zhang, W., Zhang, H., Zhang, X., Song, C., Zhang, P. and Zhang, B. 2024. The sublethal concentration of acetamiprid suppresses the population growth of 2 species of wheat aphids, Sitobion miscanthi and Schizaphis graminum (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 117(4):1315-1323. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toae114
Maurya, P., Sharma, P., Mohan, L., Verma, M.M. and Srivastava, C.N. 2012. Larvicidal efficacy of Ocimum basilicum extracts and its synergistic effect with neonicotinoid in the management of Anopheles stephensi. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Disease, 2 (2): 110-116. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2222-1808(12)60027-9
Mckenna, M.M., Abou-Fakhr Hammad, E.M. and Farran, M.T. 2013. Effect of Melia azedarach (Sapindales: Meliaceae) fruit extracts on citrus leafminer Phyllocnistis citrella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). SpringerPlus, 2: 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-2-144
Nagappan, R. 2012. Impact of Melia azedarach Linn. (Meliaceae) dry fruit extract, farmyard manure and nitrogenous fertilizer application against cabbage aphid Brevicoryne brassicae Linn. (Homoptera: Aphididae) in home garden. Asian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 4: 193-197. https://maxwellsci.com/jp/abstract.php?jid=AJAS&no=202&abs=05
Pahlavan Yali, M. and Mohammadi Anaii, M. 2017. Studying, the insecticidal effects of Melia azedarach and Citrus limonum extracts on two aphid species. Journal of Iranian Plant Protection Research, 31 (3): 496-504. https://doi.org/10.22067/jpp.v31i3.58927
Pedigo, L.P. 2014. Entomology and Pest Management. 7th ed. Waveland Press Inc., Long Grove. 784 pages.
Pontoppidan, B., Hopkins, R., Rask, L. and Meijer, J. 2003. Infestation by cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae) on oilseed rape (Brassica napus) causes a long lasting induction of the myrosinase system. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 109 (1): 55-62. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1570-7458.2003.00088.x
Rajabi, H., Safavi, S.A. and Forouzan, M. 2023. The lethal and sub lethal effects of the combined insecticide Emamectin benzoate + Acetamiprid on the life table parameters of Aphis gossypii (Hem.: Aphididae). Plant Protection (Scientific Journal of Agriculture), 46(1): 105-118 (in Persian). https://doi.org/10.22055/ppr.2023.42995.1681
Rasouli, F., Abbasipour, H. and Rezazadeh, A. 2024. Evaluation of the chinaberry Melia azedarach extract against the tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in vitro: Evaluación del extracto de paraíso Melia azedarach contra el minador de las hojas del tomate, Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in vitro. Revista de la Sociedad Entomológica Argentina, 83 (1): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.25085/rsea.830101
Saeidi, F., Moharramipour, S. and Atapour, M. 2012. Changes of supercooling point and cold tolerance in overwintering adults of Brevicoryne brassicae (Hem.: Aphididae) in Tehran, Iran. Journal of Entomological Society of Iran, 31 (2): 79-91. (in Persian). https://jesi.areeo.ac.ir/article_105459.html?lang=en
Shafiei, F., Ahmadi, K. and Asadi, M. 2018. Evaluation of systemic effects of four plant extracts compared with two systemic pesticides, acetamiprid and pirimicarb through leaf spraying against Brevicoryne brassicae L. (Hemiptera: Aphididae). Journal of Plant Protection Research, 58 (3): 257-264. https://doi.org/10.24425/122942
Shah, F.M., Razaq, M., Ali, Q., Ali, A., Shad, S.A., Aslam, M. and Hardy, I.C. 2020. Action threshold development in cabbage pest management using synthetic and botanical insecticides. Entomologia Generalis, 40 (2): 157–172. https://doi.org/10.1127/entomologia/2020/0904
Shonga, E. and Getu, E. 2021. Efficacy of plant derived and synthetic insecticides against cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae (L.) (Homoptera: Aphididae) and their effect on coccinellid predators. SINET: Ethiopian Journal of Science, 44 (1): 27-37. https://doi.org/10.4314/sinet.v44i1.3
Valladares, G., Defago, M.T., Palacios, S. and Carpinella, M.C. 1997. Laboratory evaluation of Melia azedarach (Meliaceae) extracts against the elm leaf beetle (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 90 (3): 747-750. https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/90.3.747
War, A.R., Paulraj, M.G., Hussain, B., Ahmad, T., War, M.Y. and Ignacimuthu, S. 2014. Efficacy of a combined treatment of neem oil formulation and endosulfan against Helicoverpa armigera (Hub.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). International Journal of Insect Science, 6 (1): IJIS-S13608. https://doi.org/10.4137/IJIS.S13608
Xu, X., Lv, N., Shi, Q., Hu, X. and Wu, J. 2019. Reproductive adaptation in alate adult morphs of the English grain aphid Sitobion avenae under starvation stress. Scientific Reports, 9 (1): 2023. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-38589-5
Yi, F., Zou, C., Hu, Q. and Hu, M. 2012. The joint action of destruxins and botanical insecticides (rotenone, azadirachtin and paeonolum) against the cotton aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover. Molecules, 17 (6): 7533-7542. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules17067533
