Substitution of Polymer Coated Urea for Soybean Meal on Digestibility, Rumen Fermentation, and Microbial Nitrogen Yield in Sheep Fed High Level of Concentrate
محورهای موضوعی :A. Chegeni 1 , Y.L. Li 2 , M. Tao 3 , Q.Y. Diao 4
1 - Department of Animal Science Research, Lorestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Lorestan, Iran
2 - Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
3 - Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
4 - Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
کلید واژه: corn stalk, digestibility, polymer-coated urea, ruminal fermentation, sheep, sodium bentonite,
چکیده مقاله :
An experiment was conducted in a 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment to evaluate the effects of Optigen as polymer-coated urea (PCU) and sodium bentonite (SB) on intake, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen reten-tion, rumen fermentation and microbial nitrogen yield in sheep fed high levels of concentrate. Four isoni-trogenous and isocaloric diets with 60% concentrate and 40% corn stalks (dry matter (DM)) were offered twice daily to ensure about 5% ort. The treatments were control (CON), soybean meal replaced by Optigen (OPT), SB (CON+2% SB), and OPTSB (OPT+2% SB). Sheep on SB treatment showed a lower nitrogen (P<0.02) and organic matter (OM) true digestibility (P=0.04). Nitrogen (N) intake, and its fecal excretion were not affected by different treatments, but N retention was lower (P=0.04) in sheep fed Optigen. Irre-spective of nitrogen source, SB decreased purine derivates (P=0.03) and microbial nitrogen yield (P=0.03). Sheep fed Optigen had greater (P<0.03) ruminal NH3-N concentration compared with SB treatment. The pH was not affected by different treatments. The volatile fatty acids (VFA) tended to be higher (P=0.052) for treatments that included Optigen. The OPTSB had lower proportion of acetate (P=0.03), but had higher propionate and valerate (P<0.02) compared to other treatments. The ruminal NH3-N for sheep fed Optigen continuously increased, with the highest level achieved 3 h after feeding. No differences were discerned in ruminal kinetics and effective degradability of corn stalk DM for different treatments. It was concluded that replacing soybean meal with Optigen for sheep fed high level of concentrate had no adverse effect on nutri-ent digestibility, microbial nitrogen yield, rumen fermentation and effective degradability (ED). Adding SB to Optigen had no beneficial effects on nutrients digestibility, N retention, microbial N yield and ED of corn stalk.
An experiment was conducted in a 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment to evaluate the effects of Optigen as polymer-coated urea (PCU) and sodium bentonite (SB) on intake, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen reten-tion, rumen fermentation and microbial nitrogen yield in sheep fed high levels of concentrate. Four isoni-trogenous and isocaloric diets with 60% concentrate and 40% corn stalks (dry matter (DM)) were offered twice daily to ensure about 5% ort. The treatments were control (CON), soybean meal replaced by Optigen (OPT), SB (CON+2% SB), and OPTSB (OPT+2% SB). Sheep on SB treatment showed a lower nitrogen (P<0.02) and organic matter (OM) true digestibility (P=0.04). Nitrogen (N) intake, and its fecal excretion were not affected by different treatments, but N retention was lower (P=0.04) in sheep fed Optigen. Irre-spective of nitrogen source, SB decreased purine derivates (P=0.03) and microbial nitrogen yield (P=0.03). Sheep fed Optigen had greater (P<0.03) ruminal NH3-N concentration compared with SB treatment. The pH was not affected by different treatments. The volatile fatty acids (VFA) tended to be higher (P=0.052) for treatments that included Optigen. The OPTSB had lower proportion of acetate (P=0.03), but had higher propionate and valerate (P<0.02) compared to other treatments. The ruminal NH3-N for sheep fed Optigen continuously increased, with the highest level achieved 3 h after feeding. No differences were discerned in ruminal kinetics and effective degradability of corn stalk DM for different treatments. It was concluded that replacing soybean meal with Optigen for sheep fed high level of concentrate had no adverse effect on nutri-ent digestibility, microbial nitrogen yield, rumen fermentation and effective degradability (ED). Adding SB to Optigen had no beneficial effects on nutrients digestibility, N retention, microbial N yield and ED of corn stalk.
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