جایگاه اصل مسئولیت مشترک اما متفاوت دولتها در رژیم حقوقی تغییرات اقلیم
محورهای موضوعی : حقوق محيط زيست
مونا دوانلو
1
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تهمینه عدالت جو
2
1 - گروه حقوق، واحد تهران شمال، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - گروه حقوق، واحد تهران غرب، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
کلید واژه: مسئوليت مشترک, مسئولیت متفاوت, تغییرات آب و هوایی, گازهای گلخانهای, مکانیسم تمایز, انطباق.,
چکیده مقاله :
مسئله تغییرات اقلیم به شناسایی اصل مسئولیت مشترک اما متفاوت دولتها، پرداخته است که به عنوان یک اصل راهنما در نظام حقوقی تغییرات اقلیم کاربرد دارد. این اصل ،یکی از مؤثرترین اصول در رژیم حقوقی بینالملل محیطزیست است. اسناد سهگانه اقلیمی که بر مبنای رژیم تمایزگرا شکل گرفته، تعهدات عمده کاهش انتشار را متوجه کشورهای توسعه یافته نموده است. در این تحقیق تلاش شده با توجه به راهبردهای حقوق بینالملل و با توجه به معاهدات بینالمللی اقلیمی، جایگاه اصل مسئولیت مشترک اما متفاوت را در رژیم حقوقی تغییرات آب و هوایی بررسی کرده، و با امعان نظر به مبنای مکانیسم تمایز و محورهای آن، نقاط قوت و ضعف در فرایند عملیاتیسازی این اصل در نظام اقلیمی تجزیه و تحلیل گردد. همچنین این پژوهش درصدد است تا با تبیین موانع و چالشهای پیش رو در مورد اجرایی شدن این مکانیسم، راهکارهای لازم را ارائه دهد. نتیجه این تحقیق که با روش توصیفی– تحلیلی انجام شده نشان میدهد که از طریق بازتعریف از این اصل و تقسیم مسئولیتها و تغییر و جابجایی در دستهبندیهای موجود، باید دستههای همگنی از دولتها ارائه گردد تا این مکانیسم تمایز درخصوص کشورهای در حال توسعه با توانمندیهای متفاوت نیز اعمال گردد. همچنین توصیه میگردد تا این اصل، به عنوان یک اصل عرفی بینالمللی مورد تفسیر قرار گیرد.
The issue of climate change is focused on identifying the principle of common but differentiated responsibility of states, which is used as a guiding principle in the climate change legal system. This principle, which is called (CBDR) from now on, is one of the most effective principles in the international environmental legal regime. The tripartite climate documents, which were formed based on the differentiation regime, have directed the major commitments of emission reduction to the developed countries. In this research, an attempt has been made to examine the position of the principle of common but different responsibility in the legal regime of climate change, considering the strategies of international law and the international climate treaties, and considering the basis of the differentiation mechanism and its axes. The strengths and weaknesses in the process of operationalizing this principle in the climate system should be analyzed. Also, this research tries to provide the necessary solutions by explaining the obstacles and challenges ahead regarding the implementation of this mechanism. The result of this research, which was carried out with a descriptive-analytical method, shows that through redefining this principle and dividing responsibilities and changing and moving in the existing categories, homogeneous groups of governments will be presented, so that this differentiation mechanism regarding the countries in The current development should also be applied with different capabilities. It is also recommended that this principle be interpreted as an international customary principle.
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