بررسی وضعی و مقایسه مهارتهای روان رفتاری زنان و مردان ورزشکار نخبه
محورهای موضوعی : زن و جامعه
نرجس رضوی
1
,
رخساره بادامی
2
,
وحید رفیعی
3
,
حمید زاهدی
4
1 - دانشجوی دکتری رفتارحرکتی، دانشکده تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران
2 - استاد رفتار حرکتی، دانشکده تریست بدنی، واحد اصفهان (خوراسگان)، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اصفهان، ایران
3 - گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، واحد مرودشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مرودشت، ایران
4 - استادیار رفتار حرکتی، گروه علوم ورزشی و مرکز تحقیقات طب ورزشی، واحد نجف آباد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، نجف آباد، ایران
کلید واژه: زن, مهارت های روان رفتاری, ورزش قهرمانی, نخبه,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف: در بستر توسعه ورزش قهرمانی به نظر می رسد، بین فرد با استعداد ورزشی و محیط پرورش، رابطهای متقابل وجود داشته، به طوریکه نهتنها فرد بر محیط تأثیرگذار است، بلکه محیط نیز بر فرد تاثیر میگذارد، این پژوهش با هدف بررسی وضعی مهارت های روان رفتاری زنان ورزشکار نخبه و مقایسه آن با همتایان مرد، با تاکید بر فرهنگ و دین انجام گرفت.
روش کار: این پژوهش از نوع مطالعات مقطعی به روش توصیفی همبستگی است که با هدف بررسی مهارتهای روانشناختی ورزشکاران نخبه ایرانی انجام شد. نمونه شامل 528 ورزشکار نخبه (219 زن و 219 مرد) در رده سنی 13 تا 19 سال بود که بهصورت هدفمند و در دسترس انتخاب شدند. ابزار پژوهش، نسخه فارسی پرسشنامه خصوصیات روانشناختی نخبه ورزشی در حال پرورش (PCDEQ2) بود که شامل 7 خردهمقیاس و 88 گویه است. پایایی و روایی پرسشنامه با آلفای کرونباخ بالاتر از 0.7 تأیید شد. تجزیهوتحلیل دادهها با نرمافزار SPSS نسخه 26 و روش تحلیل واریانس چندمتغیره (MANOVA) انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که تمامی ابعاد مهارتهای روانشناختی از روایی و پایایی مطلوبی برخوردارند و همبستگی معنیداری بین آنها مشاهده شد.
یافته ها: نتایج نشان داده است که تفاوت زنان و مردان در همه ابعاد پرسشنامه به جز کمالگرایی معنی دار است(05/0>p). بر این اساس در ابعاد پاسخ معکوس به شکست و شاخص های بالینی میانگین مردان بالاتر از زنان است و در سایر ابعاد(تصویر سازی و امادگی فعال، کنترل و مدیریت خود راهبر، کاوش و استفاده از حمایت اجتماعی و مقابله فعال) زنان میانگین بالاتری نسبت به مردان به دست آورده اند.
نتیجه گیری: به نظر می رسد مهارتهای روانرفتاری تحت تأثیر عوامل مختلف از جمله جنسیت، محیط،دین ، فرهنگ و زیستگاه بوده که میتواند بر بهینه سازی توسعه، پرورش و بهبود عملکرد ورزشکاران در محیط های پرورش استعداد اثر گذار باشد.
Introduction: In the context of elite sports development, it appears that there is a reciprocal relationship between the athlete and the nurturing environment, such that not only does the individual influence the environment, but the environment also impacts the individual. This study was conducted with the aim of examining the psychological and behavioral skills of elite female athletes and comparing them with their male counterparts, with an emphasis on culture and religion.
Methods: This study is a cross-sectional, descriptive-correlational research aimed at examining the psychological skills of elite Iranian athletes. The sample consisted of 528 elite athletes (219 females and 219 males) aged 13 to 19 years, selected through purposive and convenience sampling. The research instrument was the Persian version of the Psychological Characteristics of Developing Elite Athletes Questionnaire (PCDEQ2), which includes seven subscales and 88 items. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed, with a Cronbach’s alpha above 0.7. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 26 and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The results indicated that all dimensions of psychological skills demonstrated satisfactory validity and reliability, with significant correlations observed between them.
Findings: The results showed that the difference between men and women was significant in all dimensions of the questionnaire except perfectionism (p<0.05). Accordingly, in the dimensions of negative response to failure and clinical indicators, the average of men was higher than women, and in other dimensions (active imagery and preparation, self-directed control and management, exploration and use of social support, and active coping), women achieved a higher average than men.
Conclusion: It seems that psycho-behavioral skills are influenced by various factors including gender, environment, religion, culture, and habitat, which can have an impact on optimizing the development, nurturing, and improving the performance of athletes in talent development environments.
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