The Effect of Echinacea purpurea Extract on Carcass Quality, Blood Biochemical Parameters, and Immune System in an Animal Model
محورهای موضوعی :
Gholamreza Akbari
1
,
Abolfazl Zarei*
2
,
Nima Eila
3
1 - Department of Animal Science, Ka.C., Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
2 - Department of Animal Science, Ka.C., Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
3 - Department of Animal Science, Ka.C., Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
کلید واژه: Echinacea purpurea, Immune system, Carcass, Broiler chickens,
چکیده مقاله :
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of adding different levels of Echinacea purpurea extract to the diet on carcass quality, blood biochemical parameters, and the immune system of broiler chickens. A total of 240 one-day-old male Ross 308 chicks were assigned in a completely randomized design to 4 experimental treatments with 5 replicates and 12 chicks per replicate. The experimental treatments included: 1) Control (without additive), 2) Control + 10 mg kg-1 Echinacea extract, 3) Control diet + 20 mg kg-1 Echinacea extract, and 4) Control + 30 mg kg-1 Echinacea extract. The results of the experiment showed that the carcass percentage in the treatment containing 30 mg kg-1 extract significantly increased compared to the control (P<0.01). The amount of total protein and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in the treatment containing 30 mg kg-1 extract had a significant difference compared to the control (P<0.05). Also, adding 20 and 30 mg kg-1 extract to the diet significantly increased the weight of the spleen and bursa of Fabricius compared to the control (P<0.01). Based on the results of this experiment, 30 mg kg-1 extract in the diet of broiler chickens had a better effect on carcass quality, blood lipid reduction, and the immune system.
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of adding different levels of Echinacea purpurea extract to the diet on carcass quality, blood biochemical parameters, and the immune system of broiler chickens. A total of 240 one-day-old male Ross 308 chicks were assigned in a completely randomized design to 4 experimental treatments with 5 replicates and 12 chicks per replicate. The experimental treatments included: 1) Control (without additive), 2) Control + 10 mg kg-1 Echinacea extract, 3) Control diet + 20 mg kg-1 Echinacea extract, and 4) Control + 30 mg kg-1 Echinacea extract. The results of the experiment showed that the carcass percentage in the treatment containing 30 mg kg-1 extract significantly increased compared to the control (P<0.01). The amount of total protein and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in the treatment containing 30 mg kg-1 extract had a significant difference compared to the control (P<0.05). Also, adding 20 and 30 mg kg-1 extract to the diet significantly increased the weight of the spleen and bursa of Fabricius compared to the control (P<0.01). Based on the results of this experiment, 30 mg kg-1 extract in the diet of broiler chickens had a better effect on carcass quality, blood lipid reduction, and the immune system.
1. Hassan I.I., Askar A.A., El-Shourbagy G.A., 2004. Influence of some medicinal plants on performance; physiological and meat quality traits of broiler chicks. Egypt Poult Sci J. 24, 247-266.
2. Chiellini C., Maida I., Maggini V., Bosi E., Mocali S., Emiliani G., Fani R., 2017. Preliminary data on antibacterial activity of Echinacea purpurea-associated bacterial communities against Burkholderia cepacia complex strains, opportunistic pathogens of Cystic Fibrosis patients. Microbiol Res. 196, 34-43.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2016.12.001
3. Fernando C., Chacon M., Badilla B., Arevalo C., 2007. Effect of Echinacea purpurea (Asteraceae) aqueous extract on antibody response to Bothrops asper venom and immune cell response. Rev Biol Trop. 55, 113-119. https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v55i1.6061
4. Najafzadeh H., Ghorbanpour M., Mayahi M., Gavzan H., 2011. Effect of Echinacea purpurea on antibody production against fowl influenza vaccine. J Appl Anim Res. 39, 139-141.
5. Jang I.S., Ko Y.H., Kang S.Y., Lee C.Y., 2006. Effect of commercial essential oil on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and intestinal microflora population in broiler chickens. Anim Feed Sci Technol. 134, 304-315.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.06.009.
6. Pascual A., Pauletto M., Trocino A., Birolo M., Dacasto M., Giantin M., Bordignon F., Ballarin C., Bortoletti M., Pillan G., Xiccato G., 2022. Effect of the dietary supplementation with extracts of chestnut wood and grape pomace on performance and jejunum response in female and male broiler chickens at different ages. J Anim Sci Biotechnol. 13, 1-17.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-022-00736-w.
7. Manayi A., Vazirian M., Saeidnia S., 2015. Echinacea purpurea: Pharmacology, phytochemistry and analysis methods. Pharmacognosy Rev. 9, 63-71. https://doi.org/10.4103/0973-7847.156353.
8. Woelkert K., Bauer R., 2007. The role of alkamides as an active principle of Echinacea. Planta Med. 73, 615-623.
https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-981531.
9. Lee T.T., Chen C.L., Wang C.C., Yu B., 2012. Growth performance and antioxidant capacity of broilers supplemented with Echinacea purpurea L. in the diet. J Appli Poult Res. 21, 484-491. https://doi.org/10.3382/japr.2011-00369.
10. Hoseinyan Bilandi S.H., Hosseini S.M., Mojtahedi M., Bashtani M., 2018. Effect of Thyme and Ziziphora essence on performance, microbial population and immune response of broiler chickens. Anim Prod Res. 7(3), 53-65. https://doi.org/10.22124/AR.2018.10180.1304.
11. Nosrati M., Javandel F., Camacho L.M., Khusro A., Cipriano M., Seidavi A., Salem A.Z.M., 2017. The effects of antibiotic, probiotic, organic acid, vitamin C, and Echinacea purpurea extract on performance, carcass characteristics, blood chemistry, microbiota, and immunity of broiler chickens. J Appl Poult Res. 26(2), 295-306. https://doi.org/10.3382/japr/pfw073
12. Lee T.T., Ciou J.Y., Chen C.L., Yu B., 2013. Effect of Echinacea purpurea L. on oxidative status and meat quality in Arbor Acres broilers. J Sci Food Agric. 93, 166-172. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.5745. Epub 2012 Jun 13.
13. Hashem M.A., Neamat-Allah A.N., Hammza H.E., Abou-Elnaga H.M., 2020. Impact of dietary supplementation with Echinacea purpurea on growth performance, immunological, biochemical, and pathological findings in broiler chickens infected by pathogenic E. coli. Trop Anim Health Prod. 52, 1599-1607. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-019-02162-z.
14. Gilani S.M.H., Zehra S., Galani S., Ashraf A., 2018. Effect of natural growth promoters on immunity, and biochemical and haematological parameters of broiler chickens. Trop J Pharm Res. 17, 627-633. https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v17i4.9.
15. Dauqan E., Abdullah A., 2017. Medicinal and functional values of thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) herb. J Appl Biol Biotechnol. 5(02), 17-22. https://doi.org/10.7324/JABB.2017.50203
16. Torki M., Sedgh-Gooya S., Mohammadi H., 2018. Effects of adding essential oils of rosemary, dill and chicory extract to diets on performance, egg quality and some blood parameters of laying hens subjected to heat stress. J Appl Anim Res. 46, 1118-1126. https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2018.1473254.
17. Nasiroleslami M., Torki M., 2010. Including essential oils of Echinacea purpurea and thyme to diet and evaluating performance of laying hens, white blood cell count and egg quality characteristics. J Adv Environ Biol. 4(3), 341-345.
18. Toghyani M., Tohidi M., Gheisari A.A., Tabeidian S.A., 2010. Performance, immunity, serum biochemical and hematological Parameters in broiler chicks fed dietary thyme as alternative for an antibiotic growth Promoter. Afr J Biotechnol. 9, 6819-6825.
19. Pirmohamammadi A., Daneshyar M., Farhoomand P., Aliakbarlu J., Hamian F., 2016. Effects of Thymus vulgaris and Mentha pulegium on colour, nutrients and Peroxidation of meat in heatstressed broilers. S Afr J Anim Sci. 46, 278-284. https://doi.org/ 10.4314/sajas.v46i3.7
20. Reda F.M., Alagawany M., Mahmoud H.K., Mahgoub S.A., Elnesr S.S., 2020. Use of red pepper oil in quail diets and its effect on performance, carcass measurements, intestinal microbiota, antioxidant indices, immunity and blood constituents. Anim. 14, 1025-1033. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731119002891
