تاثیر کاهش منابع آب بر تولید بخش کشاورزی و افزایش خسارت آفات به خصوص در باغات پسته
محورهای موضوعی : اقتصاد و بازاريابي
عباس پرور
1
,
نجمه عظیمی زاده
2
1 - استادیار و عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد جیرفت
2 - عضو هیئت علمی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد رفسنجان
کلید واژه: سیستم های خرد آبیاری , خسارت آفات, خشکسالی, کاهش تولید,
چکیده مقاله :
آب منبعي محدود و در عين حال ضروري براي جوامع بشري و سيستم اکولوژيکي وابسته به آن مي باشد و یکی از منابع مهم پایه‌ای برای توسعه کشور و مهم ترین عامل تولید در کشاورزی است. بخش کشاورزي به عنوان بزرگترين مصرف کننده آب جهت توليد غذاي بيشتر با آب کمتر با چالش مواجه مي باشد. خشکسالی و کاهش بارندگی بیشترین تاثیر را در این بخش می گذارد و کاهش تولید در این بخش منجر به افزایش زیان در سایر بخش های اقتصادی و کاهش درآمد عوامل تولید می شود. بـا توجـه بـه اینکـه خشـکی و خشکسـالی از خصوصیـات طبیعـی و اقلیمـی ایـران اسـت و میـزان بارندگـی در کشـورمان بـه طـور متوسـط نزدیـک بـه یـک سـوم متوسـط جهانـی اسـت، تولیـد محصـول پسته در مراکـز عمـدة تولیـد آن بـا مشـکل کمبـود آب روبـه روسـت. مقدار، تناوب و شیوه‌ی آبیاری بر تولید پسته تأثیر زیادی می‌گذارد. از سوی دیگر شیوع بیماری‌ها و آفاتی که به درخت پسته حمله ور می‌شوند، مقدار و کیفیت محصول و رشد درخت، همگی تحت تأثیر آبیاری درخت پسته قرار دارند. سیستم های خرد آبیاری (آبیاری قطره ای سطحی، زیر سطحی و خرد آبپاشی) قادرند تا آب آبیاری را با راندمان کامل در اختیار گیاه قرار دهند، به شرط اینکه بهره برداری و مدیریت مناسب در مورد آن‌ها اجرا گردد. در صورت ايجاد رطوبت مناسب و مدیریت آبیاری علاوه بر افزايش تحمل درخت، شرايط مناسب براي فعاليت دشمنان طبيعي فراهم مي گردد كه اين امر سبب كاهش جمعيت آفات پسته و افزایش تولید محصول پسته مي شود.
Water is a limited but essential resource for human societies and the ecological system dependent on it, and it is one of the important basic resources for the development of the country and the most important factor of production in agriculture. The agricultural sector, as the largest consumer of water, faces the challenge of producing more food with less water. Drought and reduced rainfall have the greatest impact on this sector, and reduced production in this sector leads to increased losses in other economic sectors and reduced income of production factors. Considering that drought and drought are natural and climatic characteristics of Iran and the amount of rainfall in our country is on average close to one-third of the world average, the production of pistachio in its main production centers faces the problem of water shortage. The amount, frequency, and method of irrigation have a great impact on pistachio production. On the other hand, the prevalence of diseases and pests that attack pistachio trees, the amount and quality of crop, and the growth of the tree are all affected by the irrigation of the pistachio tree. Micro-irrigation systems (surface drip irrigation, subsurface irrigation, and micro-sprinkler irrigation) are able to provide irrigation water to the plant with full efficiency, provided that they are properly operated and managed. If proper moisture is created and irrigation management is implemented, in addition to increasing tree tolerance, suitable conditions are provided for the activity of natural enemies, which reduces the population of pistachio pests and increases pistachio crop production.
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