ارائه مدل آمیخته آسیبشناسی تبانی در فوتبال ایران
محورهای موضوعی : علوم ورزش
عاطفه سادات میر مهدوی
1
,
وحید شجاعی
2
,
محمد حامی
3
1 - دانشجوی مدیریت ورزشی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد ساری ، ایران
2 - دانشیار مدیریت ورزشی، واحد ساری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ساری، ایران
3 - دانشیار گروه مدیریت و برنامه ریزی ورزشی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد ساری، ایران
کلید واژه: آسیب شناسی, تبانی, فوتبال ایران,
چکیده مقاله :
مقدمه: یکی از انواع مختلف فساد در ورزش، موضوع تبانی میباشد. به طور کلی امکان انجام تبانی توسط بازیکنان، مربیان، مدیران باشگاهها و داوران وجود دارد که موجب از بین رفتن هیجان رقابتهای ورزشی میشود. هدف پژوهش حاضر ارائه مدل آمیخته آسیبشناسی تبانی در فوتبال ایران بود. روش پژوهش: روش تحقيق به شيوه آمیخته و مبتني بر نظریه پردازی داده بنياد است. براي جمع آوري داده ها از روش مصاحبة نيمه ساختار يافته استفاده شد. تجزیه و تحليل اطلاعات به روش اشتراوس و كوربين (1998) انجام گرفت. جامعه آماری بخش کیفی شامل خبرگان فوتبال در بخش حقوقی و آسیبشناسی تبانی به تعداد 14 نفر بودند. روش نمونه گیری به صورت هدفمند قضاوتی بود. لذا با تعیین تعداد 400 نفر از افراد جامعه آماری در فاز اول، تعداد 384 پرسشنامه برای تجزیه و تحلیل آماری انتخاب شدند. يافته ها: بر اساس نتایج تحلیل داده‌های کیفی حاصل از مصاحبه، تحلیل عوامل حقوقی تبانی در فوتبال ایران در قالب ابعاد 5گانه، شامل شرایط علی (4 مفهوم)، شرایط زمینه‌ای (3 مفهوم)، شرایط مداخله‌گر (4 مفهوم)، راهبردها (4 مفهوم)، پیامدها (3 مفهوم) میباشد. نتایج با استفاده از تحلیل عاملی تأییدی و در قالب معادلات ساختاری با نرم افزار SPSS و PLS تجزیه و تحلیل گردید، همچنین مدل تدوین شده از برازش مناسبی برخوردار بود. نتيجه گيري: مدیران تیم‌های فوتبال می‌بایست تدابیری برای ایجاد شرایط روحی روانی ایده‌آل بازیکنان در نظر گرفته و تمرکز آنها را برروی اهداف گروهی متمرکز کنند.
Introduction: One of the different types of diseases in sports is match-fixing. In general, there is the possibility of match-fixing by players, coaches, club managers and referees, which makes the matches exciting. For this purpose, the purpose of the present study was to present a mixed model of match-fixing pathology in Iranian football.
Research Method: The research method is a mixed method and based on grounded theory. A semi-structured interview method was used to collect data. Data analysis and analysis was carried out using the Strauss and Corbin (1998) method. The statistical population of the qualitative section included 14 football experts in the legal and match-fixing pathology sectors. The sampling method was purposeful judgmental. Determining the number of 400 people in the statistical population in the first phase, 384 Arabic questionnaires were selected from incomplete and duplicate data for statistical analysis and analysis.
Studies: Based on the results of the qualitative data analysis from the interview, the analysis of the legal factors of collusion in Iranian football in criterion 5 includes the formats of causal conditions (4 concepts), background conditions (3 concepts), intervening conditions (4 concepts), strategies (4 concepts), consequences (3 concepts). The results were adjusted using analytic factor analysis and structural equations with SPSS and PLS software. The analysis format was also modeled from a suitable fit.
Conclusion: Football team managers should take measures to create ideal psychological conditions for players and select them to identify groups.
1. Ahmadi Natour, Z., Mansour Abadi, A., Shams Nateri, M. E., & Mirkhalili, S. M. (2019). Analysis of sports betting in the Iran's legal system. Sport Management and Development, 8(3), 42-56. (Persian).
2. Anderson, J., Duval, A., Van Rompuy, B., van der Harst, M., & McArdle, D. (2014). Study on risk assessment and management and prevention of conflicts of interest in the prevention and fight against betting-related match fixing in the EU 28-final report.
3. Blunch, N. (2012). Introduction to structural equation modeling using IBM SPSS statistics and AMOS. Sage(2th ed., pp. 24-32).
4. Chappelet, J. L. (2015). The Olympic fight against match-fixing. Sport in Society, 18(10), 1260-1272.
5. Clandinin, D.J. and Connelly, F.M. (2004). “Narrative Inquiry: Experience and Story in Qualitative Research”. Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, 2ed edition.
6. Connell, J. (2018). Globalisation, soft power, and the rise of football in China. Geographical Research, 56(1), 5-15.
7. Constandt, B & Manoli,E. (2022). Understanding match-fixing in sport: Theory and practice. Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 9780367754921.
8. Csató, L. (2022). How to prevent collusion created by tie-breaking rules. arXiv preprint arXiv:2206.03961.
9. Dick, M & Kernick P., (2016). The Motivational Factors Affecting Football Fan Attendance in Finland: A Study and Segmentation. Bachelor’s Thesis Degree Programme in Experience and Wellness Management.
10. Forrest, D. (2012). The Threat to Football from Betting-Related Corruption. International Journal of Sport Finance, 7(2).
11. Globan, T., & Jägers, E. (2019). Multiple Ownership, Collusion and Unusual Result Patterns in Soccer. Contemporary Economic Policy, 37(2), 245-260.
12. Gorse, S. (2013). Corruption in international sport: implications for sponsorship management (Doctoral dissertation, Coventry University).P:52-90.
13. Guyon, J. (2020). Risk of collusion: Will groups of 3 ruin the FIFA World Cup?. Journal of Sports Analytics, 6(4), 259-279.
14. Heron, M. and Jiang, C (2010), “The gathering storm: Organised crime and sports corruption”, Australian and New Zealand Sports Law Journal, Vol. 5 No. 1, pp.99-118.
15. Johnston, M. (2005). Syndromes of corruption: wealth, power, and democracy. Cambridge University Press.
16. Khodaparst, S., Bakhshalipour, V., Monfared Fatideh, F. (2021). Investigating and Analyzing the Corruption and Abnormals Components of Iranian Championship Sport. Sociology and lifestyle management, 7(17), 167-184.
17. Lash, C. (2018). ‘The Whole of Poland Saw It, and You Gentlemen are Blind’: Match-Fixing in Polish Football–A Case Study from 1993. The International Journal of the History of Sport, 35(2-3), 216-230.
18. Lastra, R., Bell, P., & Bond, C. (2016). Sports betting-motivated corruption in Australia: an under-studied phenomenon. International Journal of Social Science Research, 4(1), 61-82.
19. Maennig, W. (2002). On the economics of doping and corruption in international sports. Journal of sports economics, 3(1), 61-89.
20. Mallaei, M., & Afroozeh, M. S. (2021). Identifying Causes of Tendency for Match-fixing using Human Resources and Strategies to Combat it in Sports. HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN SPORT JOURNAL,[online], 8(1), 145-161. (Persian).
21. Mallaei, M., & Salimi, A. (2019). Content Analysis of Media Coverage of Corruption in Iran’s Football: Case Study of TV Program 90. Communication Management in Sport Media, 7(2), 111-120. (Persian).
22. Meshkat, M. (2020). The FATF's Strategy on Money Laundering in Football Sector. Journal of Criminal Law Research, 9(33), 47-79. (Persian).
23. Najafi, M., hami, M., Shojaei, V., & bagherian Farahabadi, M. (2020). Identifying and Analyzing Factors Affecting Financial Corruption in the Iranian Sports Industry (Qualitative Approach). Applied Research in Sport Management, 9(1), 119-134. (Persian).
24. Nowy, T., & Breuer, C. (2017). Match-fixing in European grassroots football. European sport management quarterly, 17(1), 24-44.
25. Shafiee, S., & Afrouzeh, H. (2018). Identifying and Determining the Factors Affecting the Incidence of Corruption in Iran`S Football. Sport Management Studies, 10(47), 39-66. (Persian).
26. Taherkhani, S., & shafiee, S. (2021). Investigating factors affecting the occurrence of match-fix in Iranian football. Sport Management and Development, 10(3), 42-61.
27. Tak, M., Sam, M. P., & Jackson, S. J. (2018). The problems and causes of match-fixing: are legal sports betting regimes to blame?. Journal of Criminological Research, Policy and Practice.
28. Tzeng, C. C., Lee, P. C., & Tzeng, G. H. (2020). It’s not all about money: the code of brotherhood has a role to play in match-fixing. Sport in Society, 23(12), 1926-1944.
29. Woźniak, W. (2018). Match-Fixing in Polish Football: Historical Perspectives and Sociological Interpretations. The International Journal of the History of Sport, 35(2-3), 247-263.
30. Zhang, J. J., Breedlove, J., Kim, A., Bo, H. H., Anderson, D. J., Zhao, T. T., ... & Pitts, B. G. (2021). Issues and new ideas in international sport management: An introduction. In International sport business management (pp. 1-15). Routledge.
