The Effects of Agricultural By-Products Supplemental Feeding on the Performance of Moghani Ewes in Nomadic Environments
محورهای موضوعی :M. Sahraei 1 , H. Fazaeli 2 , A. Aghashahi 3 , R. Khalkhali-Evrigh 4
1 - Department of Animal Science Research, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ardabil, Iran
2 - Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
3 - Animal Science Research Institute of Iran, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
4 - Department of Animal Science Research, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ardabil, Iran
کلید واژه: agricultural by-product, Moghani sheep, peanut straw, supplementary feeding,
چکیده مقاله :
Production of fodder is one of the key challenges in the nomadic sheep farming system in Iran. Thus, pro-viding nutritional supplements for grazing sheep is crucial for the success of this farming style. On the other hand, using agricultural by-products is a vital option to address this need. This study aims to assess the im-pact of supplementing Moghani sheep in the nomadic system with wheat straw, corn straw, soybean straw, peanut straw, rapeseed straw, and potato vine as available agricultural by-products. The study involved 147 pregnant ewes (at 3.5 months gestation) in a completely randomized design with one control groups and six treatments, three replicates per treatment, and seven sheep per replicate. The experimental treatments include ration consisting of 30% alfalfa, 10% wheat straw (Treatment 1), ration consisting of 40% potato vine (Treatment 2), ration consisting of 40% corn straw (Treatment 3), ration consisting of 40% soybean straw (Treatment 4), ration consisting of 40% rapeseed straw (Treatment 5), ration consisting of 40% peanut straw (Treatment 6). All rations contained 60% concentrate. Results of in vitro gas production revealed that in the first 12 hours of this test, the peanut straw had the highest gas production, while after 12 hours, the highest gas production was related to soybean straw. Results indicated, supplementing with peanut straw improved the weight-related traits and the highest milk yield in the three months of lactation (P<0.05). This outcome could be attributed to the low acid detergent fiber (ADF; 33.46%), neutral detergent fiber (NDF, 43.66%) content, high ether extract (EE; 2.06%) and dry matter digestibility (DMD; 64.92%) of peanut straw. However, numerically, peanut straw improved the conception rate and lambing percentage. Overall, using agricultural by-products as supplementary feed for ewes on pastures enhances productive and reproductive traits and increases overall productivity.
Production of fodder is one of the key challenges in the nomadic sheep farming system in Iran. Thus, pro-viding nutritional supplements for grazing sheep is crucial for the success of this farming style. On the other hand, using agricultural by-products is a vital option to address this need. This study aims to assess the im-pact of supplementing Moghani sheep in the nomadic system with wheat straw, corn straw, soybean straw, peanut straw, rapeseed straw, and potato vine as available agricultural by-products. The study involved 147 pregnant ewes (at 3.5 months gestation) in a completely randomized design with one control groups and six treatments, three replicates per treatment, and seven sheep per replicate. The experimental treatments include ration consisting of 30% alfalfa, 10% wheat straw (Treatment 1), ration consisting of 40% potato vine (Treatment 2), ration consisting of 40% corn straw (Treatment 3), ration consisting of 40% soybean straw (Treatment 4), ration consisting of 40% rapeseed straw (Treatment 5), ration consisting of 40% peanut straw (Treatment 6). All rations contained 60% concentrate. Results of in vitro gas production revealed that in the first 12 hours of this test, the peanut straw had the highest gas production, while after 12 hours, the highest gas production was related to soybean straw. Results indicated, supplementing with peanut straw improved the weight-related traits and the highest milk yield in the three months of lactation (P<0.05). This outcome could be attributed to the low acid detergent fiber (ADF; 33.46%), neutral detergent fiber (NDF, 43.66%) content, high ether extract (EE; 2.06%) and dry matter digestibility (DMD; 64.92%) of peanut straw. However, numerically, peanut straw improved the conception rate and lambing percentage. Overall, using agricultural by-products as supplementary feed for ewes on pastures enhances productive and reproductive traits and increases overall productivity.
Ansari-Renani H.R. (2016). An investigation of organic sheep and goat production by nomad pastoralists in southern Iran. Pas-toralism. 6, 8-16.
AOAC. (2012). Official Methods of Analysis. Vol. I. 19th Ed. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, VA, USA.
Campos N.R.F., Difante G.D.S., Gurgel A.L.C., Costa C.M., Montagner D.B., Emerenciano J.V., Ítavo L.C.V., Ítavo C.C.B.F., Carvalho Netto R.T.D., Véras E.L.D.L. and Costa A.B.G.D. (2022). Effect of supplementation of ewes in the fi-nal third of gestation on the development of their lambs. Rev. Bras. Zootec. 51, 1-9.
Deng J., Zhang S., Li Y., Shi C., Qiu X., Cao B., He Y. and Su H. (2023). Effect of potato vine and leaf mixed silage compared to whole corn crops on growth performance, apparent digesti-bility, and serum biochemical characteristics of fattening an-gus bull. Animals. 13, 2284-2293.
FAO. (2009). The state of food and agriculture; livestock in the balance. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Na-tions (FAO), Rome, Italy.
FASS. (2020). Guide for Care and Use of Agricultural Animals in Research and Teaching. Federation of Animal Science Socie-ties, Champaign, Illinois.
Fiaz M., Faisal M.F.H., Khan M.I., Ishaq K., Ahmad T. and Akbar Q.J. (2022). Growth Performance of Salt Range Lambs Fed Various Dietary Levels of Peanut Haulms in Pothwar Region of Pakistan. Pakistan J. Zool. 55, 1473-1476.
Foster J.L., Adesogan A.T., Carter J.N., Blount A.R., Myer R.O. and Phatak S.C. (2009). Intake, digestibility, and nitrogen re-tention by sheep supplemented with warm-season legume hays or soybean meal. J. Anim. Sci. 87, 2891-2898.
Gholami H. and Mostafa-Tehrani A. (2022). The effect of supplementary feeding in different physiological stages on the production performance of nomadic herds in Lorestan province. Ext. J. Forage Anim. Feed. 3, 53-63.
Khan M.T., Khan N.A., Bezabih M., Qureshi M.S. and Rahman A. (2013). The nutritional value of peanut hay (Arachis hypo-gaea L.) as an alternate forage source for sheep. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 45, 849-853.
Khojasteh M., Bahrani M.J., Sadeghi-Panah A., Babaei-Yazdi A. and Raghebian M. (2012). Economic evaluation of the performance of Zandi ewes treated with progesterone and serum gonadotropin of pregnant mares in field rearing conditions, outside the breeding season. J. Anim. Sci. Res. 10, 45-57.
Marzouk K.M., Ibarhim E.M.M., Mohamed K.I. and Zanouny A.I. (2017). Potential using olive cake as by-products in feeding of ossimi sheep. Egyptian J. Nutr. Feeds. 20, 189-196.
Menke K.H. and Steingass H. (1988). Estimation of the energetic feed value obtained from chemical analysis and in vitro gas production using rumen fluid. Anim. Res. Dev. 28, 7-55.
Miranda-Romero L.A., Tirado-González D.N., Tirado-Estrada G., Améndola-Massiotti R., Sandoval-González L., Ramírez-Valverde R. and Salem A.Z. (2020). Quantifying non-fibrous carbohydrates, acid detergent fiber and cellulose of forage through an in vitro gas production technique. J. Sci. Food Ag-ric. 100, 3099-3110.
Moutik S., Lakram N., Bendaou M., Maadoudi E.H., Kabbour M.R., Douaik A., Zouahri A., El Housni A. and Es-Safi N.E. (2019). The effect of including argane by-products (meal and pulp) in dairy ewe diet on milk quality and production, and lamb growth performance. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 51, 2437-2445.
Naderi N., Ghorbani G.R., Erfani H. and Ferraretto L.F. (2022). Feeding Byproduct-Based Concentrates Instead of Human-Edible Feed Ingredients Increases Net Food Production and Improves Performance of High-Producing Holstein Cows. Animals. 12, 2977.
Najafi M.S. and Alizadeh O. (2023). Climate zones in Iran. Mete-orol. Appl. 30, p.e2147.
Nobari K., Sharifi S.D., Emam Jomea Kashan N., Momen M. and Kavian A. (2021). Performance of artificial neural networks model under various structures and algorithms to prediction of fat tail weight in fat tailed breeds and their thin tailed crosses. Iranian J. Appl. Anim. Sci. 11(4), 761-769.
NRC. (2007). Nutrient Requirements of Small Ruminants, Sheep, Goats, Cervids, and New World Camelids. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., USA.
Oldham C.M., Thompson A.N., Ferguson M.B., Gordon D.J., Kearney G.A. and Paganoni B.L. (2011). The birthweight and survival of Merino lambs can be predicted from the profile of live weight change of their mothers during pregnancy. Anim. Prod. Sci. 51(9), 776-783.
Redmer D.A., Wallace J.M. and Reynolds L.P. (2004). Effect of nutrient intake during pregnancy on fetal and placental growth and vascular development. Domest. Anim. Endocrinol. 27, 199-217.
Sandström V., Chrysafi A., Lamminen M., Troell M., Jalava M., Piipponen J., Siebert S., van Hal O., Virkki V. and Kummu M. (2022). Food system by-products upcycled in livestock and aquaculture feeds can increase global food supply. Nat. Food. 3, 729-740.
SAS Institute. (2002). SAS®/STAT Software, Release 9.1. SAS Institute, Inc., Cary, NC. USA.
Sommart K., Parker D.S., Rowlinson P. and Wanapat M. (2000). Fermentation characteristics and microbial protein synthesis in an in vitro system using cassava, rice straw and dried ruzi grass as substrates. Asian- Australasian J. Anim. Sci. 13, 1084-1093.
Tilley J.M.A. and Terry D.R. (1963). A two-stage technique for the in vitro digestion of forage crops. Grass. Forage. Sci. 18, 104-111.
Van Soest P.V., Robertson J.B. and Lewis B.A. (1991). Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch poly-saccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J. Dairy Sci. 74, 3583-3597.
