معماری بیوفیلیک و فناوری‌های هوشمند در آپارتمان‌های میان‌مرتبه شهر مشهد
محورهای موضوعی : دو فصل‌نامه فضای زیست
الهام مقیمی شهری
1
,
محسن وفامهر
2
1 - پژوهشگر دکتری، گروه معماری، واحد مشهد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، مشهد، ایران
2 - استاد تمام گروه معماری، عضو هیات علمی دانشکده هنر و معماری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی و دانشگاه فردوسی، مشهد، ایران.
کلید واژه: آپارتمان میان‌مرتبه, فناوری هوشمند, معماری بیوفیلیک, معماری مسکونی, تاپسیس, مشهد,
چکیده مقاله :
تکامل سریع چشم‌اندازهای معماری، رشد نرخ شهرنشینی و ظهور فناوری‌های هوشمند اهمیت ادغام اصول و کارکردهای بیوفیلیک را در میان گستره وسیع محیط‌های مسکونی امروز بیش از گذشته برجسته ساخته است. هدف مقاله حاضر ارزیابی و اولویت‌بندی ادغام فناوری‌های هوشمند بیوفیلیک‌محور در آپارتمان‌های میان‌مرتبه مشهد است. با استفاده از طراحی پژوهشی کمی و کاربردی با رویکرد تحلیلی-توصیفی، این تحقیق از یک پرسشنامه جامع شامل 10 اصل بیوفیلیک و 29 فناوری هوشمند بهره برد. اعتبار و قابلیت اطمینان پرسشنامه به طور دقیق از طریق ارزیابی‌های تخصصی دانشگاهی و ضریب آلفای کرونباخ تأئید شد. با نمونه‌گیری هدفمند به شکل گلوله برفی 100 کارشناس معمار، مهندس و برنامه‌ریز شهری انتخاب شدند که دانش عمیقی در زمینه طراحی بیوفیلیک و فناوری‌های هوشمند داشتند. آن‌ها اهمیت اصول بیوفیلیک را با مقیاس لیکرت 5 امتیازی و سطح‌های ادغام فناوری‌های هوشمند را با مقیاس لیکرت 7 امتیازی ارزیابی کردند. تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از انتروپی شانون برای تعیین وزن هر اصل-کارکرد بیوفیلیک و روش تاپسیس برای رتبه‌بندی فناوری‌های هوشمند انجام شد. یافته‌ها نشان داد تقویت حس سرزندگی، افزایش ارتباط با سامانه‌های طبیعی، جذابیت بصری و تجارب طبیعی غوطه‌ور جزو مهم‌ترین کارکردهای بیوفیلیک‌محور فناوری‌های هوشمند هستند. همچنین، سامانه‌های مدیریت ساختمان و دیوارهای سبز هوشمند بالاترین سطح ادغام و فناوری‌های کشاورزی عمودی و باغ‌های هیدروپونیک کمترین سطح ادغام را نشان دادند. در راستای حل ادغام پائین برخی فناوری‌های هوشمند بیوفیلیک‌محور، برگزاری کارگاه‌های آموزشی، فراهم کردن مشوق‌های مالی پذیرش فناوری‌های انرژی‌کارا و ترویج آن مطالعات موردی موفق پیشنهاد گردید که نشان‌دهنده ادغام مؤثر فناوری‌های هوشمند با کارکردهای بیوفیلیک استباشد. این راهبردها با هدف افزایش پذیرش و کارایی فناوری‌های هوشمند دارای کارکردهای بیشتر بیوفیلیک، کیفیت زندگی و پایداری در آپارتمان‌های میان‌مرتبه مشهد را بهبود می‌بخشند. این پژوهش بینش‌های قابل اجرایی را برای معماران، برنامه‌ریزان شهری و سیاست‌گذاران می‌تواند فراهم کند تا فضاهای مسکونی پایدارتر و ارتقاءدهنده سلامت ایجاد کنند.
The rapid evolution of architectural landscapes, urbanization, and smart technologies have highlighted the importance of integrating biophilic functions within the broad ranges of residential environments. The current paper aims to evaluate and prioritize the integration of biophilic-oriented smart technologies in mid-rise apartments in Mashhad. Utilizing a quantitative research design with an analytical-descriptive approach, it employed a questionnaire encompassing ten biophilic principles and 29 smart technologies. The questionnaire’s validity and reliability were confirmed through expert academic evaluations and a Cronbach's alpha. A purposive snowball sampling technique selected 100 experts, including architects, engineers, and urban planners, who possess substantial knowledge of biophilic design and smart technologies. These participants assessed the importance of biophilic principles using a 5-point Likert scale and the integration levels of smart technologies using a 7-point Likert scale. Data analysis was conducted using Shannon Entropy to determine the weights of each biophilic function and the TOPSIS for ranking the smart technologies. The findings revealed that fostering vitality, enhancing connections with natural systems, aesthetic appeal and immersive nature experiences are the most critical biophilic-oriented functions of smart technologies. In terms of technology integration, building management systems and smart green walls achieved the highest levels of integration, whereas vertical farming and hydroponic gardens exhibited the lowest levels. To address the low integration of certain biophilic-oriented smart technologies, the study recommends increasing awareness through educational workshops, providing financial incentives for adopting energy-efficient technologies, and promoting successful case studies that demonstrate effective integration of smart technologies with biophilic functions. These strategies aim to enhance the adoption and functionality of biophilic-smart integrations, thereby improving the quality of life and sustainability in mid-rise residential environments in Mashhad. This research can offer actionable insights for architects, urban planners, and policymakers to create more sustainable and health-promoting residential spaces.
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