فرآیندها و روشهای مشارکتی به کاررفته در معماری مسکونی ( مرور سیستماتیک )
محورهای موضوعی : معماری
علی اصغر عبدالکریمی
1
,
عباس یزدانفر
2
,
ندا سادات صحراگرد منفرد
3
1 - دانشکدۀ معماری دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران.
2 - دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه علم و صنعت
3 - استادیار گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری، دانشگاه علم و صنعت ایران
کلید واژه: معماری مشارکتی, طراحی مشارکتی, فرآیند مشارکت, روشهای مشارکت, فعالیتها و ابزارهای مشارکتی, معماری مسکونی,
چکیده مقاله :
رویکرد مشارکتی جایگاه تثبیت‌شده‌ای از حیث نظری و عملی دارد. معماری (طراحی) مشارکتی علی‌رغم موفقیتها با چالشهایی روبروست. پرسشهایی مهم دربارۀ روشهای مشارکت از این جمله‌اند. پژوهش حاضر با مرور سیستماتیک منابع مرتبط، روشها و فرآیندهای مشارکت را بررسی کرده است. پس از غربال مقالات و شناسایی مقالات پیرامون روشهای مشارکت طراحی، روشی نو در طراحی مشارکتی مسکن استخراج شده است. روایی و پایایی پژوهش از طریق پرسشنامۀ دوارزشی کنترل شد که در آن ضریب کاپای کوهن 744/0 به دست آمد. نتایج نشان می‌دهد این فرآیند مشارکتی شامل چهار گام معرفی و آشنایی، بررسی وضع موجود، طراحی، بازبینی و اصلاح می‌باشد. فعالیت مهم هر گام بدین شکل است: گام اول: جلب اهالی محل در فرآیند مشارکتی؛ گام دوم: نوشتن نام هر یک از ریزفضاهای خانه و فعالیتهای مربوطه پشت روی یک کارت، گام سوم: قرار دادن این فضاها کنار هم، گام چهارم: ارائه ماکت طرح نهایی به مشارکت کنندگان و گرفتن و اعمال بازخوردها.
Participation is now a well-established approach in different scientific fields and has robust theoretical and practical support. But despite its successes, it is facing many challenges. Some important questions are about participation methods and processes. This research uses a systematic review method to collect and analyze recently used participation methods, and processes to help other participatory designers choose proper participation methods in residential architecture.
The result shows that a recommended participatory design process has four steps. They include getting to know, current situation assessment, design, and feedback and modification. The first step is to gain people’s trust and cooperation. The second step uses a sorting task to reflect on the house and its different aspects, what takes place in it. The third step uses a location task to arrange different spaces in an imagined house. The fourth step is to present the 3D or physical modeling design to the participants and gather their feedback.
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