Comparison of the effect of Fe3O4 nanoparticles synthesized by green and chemical methods on liver function as well as oxidative stress and metal regulation genes expression in rats
محورهای موضوعی : Journal of Nanoanalysis
Farzaneh Karimi
1
,
Kahin Shahanipour
2
,
Nooshin Nagsh
3
,
Noosha Zia-Jahromi
4
1 - Department of Biochemistry, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
2 - Department of Biochemistry, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
3 - Department of Biology, Falavarjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran
4 - Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
کلید واژه: Fe3O4 nanoparticles, MT1, GR, Gene expression, Metabolism,
چکیده مقاله :
In biomedicine, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been used for the treatment of numerous disorders and targeted drug delivery. Among iron oxides, Fe3O4 can be useful in effective drug delivery to target tissues such as the liver. In this study, the side effects of Fe3O4 nanoparticles synthesized by the green method were compared to chemical methods in liver tissue. Gene expression analysis of metallothionein-1 and glutathione reductase-1, in addition to liver biochemical function was measured. Forty-two rats were studied in 7 groups. A control group with standard food (N = 6) and six treatment groups were administered 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg Fe3O4 nanoparticles synthesized by green and chemical methods, respectively (N = 6 for every treatment group). The destruction of liver tissue was more in the groups treated with chemicals compared to the groups treated with green synthesis nanoparticles. also, biochemical analysis presented significant alterations in SGPT level in the treated groups, however, no significant finding was observed in the level of SGOT and ALK levels. Tea nanoparticles showed a significant increase in the expression level of MT1 and GR genes in the treated groups. The findings showed that the nanoparticles prepared by chemical method cause more damage to the liver tissue than the green nanoparticles, and the changes in the expression of genes involved in homeostasis in the groups treated with green synthetic nanoparticles were significantly positive.
In biomedicine, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been used for the treatment of numerous disorders and targeted drug delivery. Among iron oxides, Fe3O4 can be useful in effective drug delivery to target tissues such as the liver. In this study, the side effects of Fe3O4 nanoparticles synthesized by the green method were compared to chemical methods in liver tissue. Gene expression analysis of metallothionein-1 and glutathione reductase-1, in addition to liver biochemical function was measured. Forty-two rats were studied in 7 groups. A control group with standard food (N = 6) and six treatment groups were administered 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg Fe3O4 nanoparticles synthesized by green and chemical methods, respectively (N = 6 for every treatment group). The destruction of liver tissue was more in the groups treated with chemicals compared to the groups treated with green synthesis nanoparticles. also, biochemical analysis presented significant alterations in SGPT level in the treated groups, however, no significant finding was observed in the level of SGOT and ALK levels. Tea nanoparticles showed a significant increase in the expression level of MT1 and GR genes in the treated groups. The findings showed that the nanoparticles prepared by chemical method cause more damage to the liver tissue than the green nanoparticles, and the changes in the expression of genes involved in homeostasis in the groups treated with green synthetic nanoparticles were significantly positive.
[1] Yew YP, Shameli K, Miyake M, Khairudin NB, Mohamad SE, Naiki T, Lee KX. Green biosynthesis of superparamagnetic magnetite Fe3O4 nanoparticles and biomedical applications in targeted anticancer drug delivery system: A review. Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 2020;13(1):2287-308.
[2] Singh J, Dutta T, Kim K-H, Rawat M, Samddar P, Kumar P. ‘Green’ synthesis of metals and their oxide nanoparticles: applications for environmental remediation. Journal of Nanobiotechnology. 2018;16:1-24.
[3] Ijaz I, Gilani E, Nazir A, Bukhari A. Detail review on chemical, physical and green synthesis, classification, characterizations and applications of nanoparticles. Green Chemistry Letters. 2020;13:223-45.
[4] Nguyen MD, Tran HV, Xu S, Lee TR. Fe3O4 nanoparticles: structures, synthesis, magnetic properties, surface functionalization, and emerging applications. Applied Sciences. 2021;11(23):11301.
[5] Saeed RM, Dmour I, Taha MO. Stable chitosan-based nanoparticles using polyphosphoric acid or hexametaphosphate for tandem ionotropic/covalent crosslinking and subsequent investigation as novel vehicles for drug delivery. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. 2020;8:4.
[6] Adeyemi OS, Adewumi I. Biochemical evaluation of silver nanoparticles in wistar rats. International Scholarly Research Notices. 2014;2014(1):196091.
[7] Ruttkay-Nedecky B, Nejdl L, Gumulec J, Zitka O, Masarik M, Eckschlager T, Stiborova M, Adam V, Kizek R. The role of metallothionein in oxidative stress. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2013;14(3):6044-66.
[8] Masiulionytė B, Valiulytė I, Tamašauskas A, Skiriutė D. Metallothionein genes are highly expressed in malignant astrocytomas and associated with patient survival. Scientific Reports. 2019;9:1-7.
[9] Dai H, Wang L, Li L, Huang Z, Ye L. Metallothionein 1: A New spotlight on inflammatory diseases. Frontiers in Immunology. 2021;12:739918.
[10] Wang W-C, Mao H, Ma D-D, Yang W-X. Characteristics, functions, and applications of metallothionein in aquatic vertebrates. Frontiers in Marine Science. 2014;1:34.
[11] Kedrowski BL, Gutow JH, Stock G, Smith M, Jordan C, Masterson DS. Glutathione reductase activity with an oxidized methylated glutathione analog. Journal of Enzyme Inhibition and Medicinal Chemistry. 2014;29(4):491-4.
[12] Vairetti M, Di Pasqua L.G, Cagna M, Richelmi P, Ferrigno A, Berardo C. Changes in glutathione content in liver diseases: An update. Antioxidants 2021;10:364.
[13] Pizzorno J. Glutathione!. Integrative Medicine: A Clinician's Journal. 2014;13(1):8.
[14] Csiszár J, Horváth E, Bela K, Gallé Á. Glutathione-related enzyme system: glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione transferases (GSTs) and glutathione peroxidases (GPXs). Redox state as a central regulator of plant-cell stress responses. 2016:137-58.
[15] Mao C, Yuan JQ, Lv YB, Gao X, Yin ZX, Kraus VB, Luo JS, Chei CL, Matchar DB, Zeng Y, Shi XM. Associations between superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde and all-cause mortality in older adults: a community-based cohort study. BMC Geriatrics. 2019;19:1-9.
[16] Bhuiyan MS, Miah MY, Paul SC, Aka TD, Saha O, Rahaman MM, Sharif MJ, Habiba O, Ashaduzzaman M. Green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticle using Carica papaya leaf extract: application for photocatalytic degradation of remazol yellow RR dye and antibacterial activity. Heliyon. 2020;6(8).
[17] Yusefi M, Shameli K, Su Yee O, Teow SY, Hedayatnasab Z, Jahangirian H, Webster TJ, Kuča K. Green synthesis of Fe3O4 nanoparticles stabilized by a Garcinia mangostana fruit peel extract for hyperthermia and anticancer activities. International Journal of Nanomedicine. 2021;29:2515-32.
[18] Al-Karagoly H, Rhyaf A, Naji H, Albukhaty S, AlMalki FA, Alyamani AA, Albaqami J, Aloufi S. Green synthesis, characterization, cytotoxicity, and antimicrobial activity of iron oxide nanoparticles using Nigella sativa seed extract. Green Processing and Synthesis. 2022;11(1):254-65.
[19] Albukhaty S, Naderi-Manesh H, Tiraihi T, Sakhi Jabir M. Poly-l-lysine-coated superparamagnetic nanoparticles: a novel method for the transfection of pro-BDNF into neural stem cells. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology. 2018;46(sup3):125-32.
[20] Akhondipour M, Faghihi Zarandi A, Amirri A, Gommnami N, Vazirinejad R. Studying the toxicity of molybdenum trioxide nanoparticles in male Wister rats. Journal of Occupational Health and Epidemiology. 2018;7(4):233-9.
[21] Vasantharaja D, Ramalingam V, Reddy GA. Oral toxic exposure of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on serum biochemical changes in adult male Wistar rats. Nanomedicine Journal. 2015;2(1).
[22] Ćurlin M, Barbir R, Dabelić S, Ljubojević M, Goessler W, Micek V, Žuntar I, Pavić M, Božičević L, Pavičić I, Vinković Vrček I. Sex affects the response of Wistar rats to polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP)-coated silver nanoparticles in an oral 28 days repeated dose toxicity study. Particle and Fibre Toxicology. 2021;18:1-6.
[23] Zare S, Hayatgeibi H, Alivandi S, Ebadi AG. Effects of whole-body magnetic field on changes of glucose and cortisol hormone in guinea pigs. American Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology. 2005;1(4):217-9.
[24] Sharifi-Rad J, Quispe C, Butnariu M, Rotariu LS, Sytar O, Sestito S, Rapposelli S, Akram M, Iqbal M, Krishna A, Kumar NV. Chitosan nanoparticles as a promising tool in nanomedicine with particular emphasis on oncological treatment. Cancer Cell International. 2021;21(1):318.
[25] Aryal BP, Neupane KP, Sandros MG, Benson DE. Metallothioneins initiate semiconducting nanoparticle cellular toxicity. Small. 2006;2(10):1159-63.
