چالش ها وراهبردهای تأمین مسکن برای گروهای کم درآمد شهری درجزیره قشم
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی و پژوهشی پژوهش و برنامه ریزی شهریآریا امیری 1 , دکتر علی شکور 2 , حمیدرضا جودکی 3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری جغرافيا و برنامه¬ريزی شهری، واحد قشم، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی ، قشم، ایران
2 - استادتمام گروه جغرافیا دانشگاه آزاداسلامی واحد مرودشت
3 - گروه جغرافیا وبرنامه ریزی شهری -دانشگاه آزاداسلامی واحداسلامشهر-تهران -ایران
کلید واژه: چالش ها و راهبرد ها , تأمین مسکن, مسکن کم درآمد ها , جزیره قشم,
چکیده مقاله :
مسکن یکی از اساسیترین نیازهای زندگی انسان است و بهعنوان کوچکترین عنصر تشکیلدهندهی سکونتگاهها تلقی میشود و همچنان بهعنوان مهمترین نیاز جوامع جدید شناخته میشود. تأمین این نیاز همواره برای اقشار کمدرآمد شهری حیاتیتر جلوه میکند. از طرفی، عدم برنامهریزی مناسب مسکن برای اقشار کمدرآمد شهری و همچنین آسان بودن ورود افراد سودجو به بخش مسکن و استفاده از آن برای سودآوریهای نامتعارف باعث شده است که روزبهروز نیاز به برنامهریزی مناسب مسکن برای ساکنین بیشتر احساس شود. پژوهش حاضر با هدف «چالشها و راهبردهای تأمین مسکن برای گروههای کمدرآمد شهری» انجام شد. نوع این تحقیق توصیفی–تحلیلی و از نظر هدف کاربردی–توسعهای است. جامعهی آماری تحقیق، متخصصین حوزهی شهرسازی، جغرافیا و برنامهریزی شهری بوده و حجم نمونه با استفاده از روش دلفی ۳۵ نفر تعیین گردیده است. در روش نمونهگیری از روش نمونهگیری گلولهبرفی استفاده شده است. دادههای مورد نیاز برای این پژوهش بهوسیلهی پرسشنامه جمعآوری گردید. دادههای پژوهش با استفاده از تحلیل عاملی تأییدی مورد تجزیهوتحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج حاصل از تحلیل عاملی نشان داد که فروش نرفتن واحدهای ساختهشده به دلیل ناتوانی مالی متقاضیان (۹۸/۷)، گرانی زمین (۳۷/۷)، افزایش عوارض شهری (۸۴/۶)، افزایش قیمت مصالح ساختمانی (۷۱/۶)، پایین بودن توان متقاضیان (۲۵/۵)، نبود اطلاعات لازم (۱۴/۵) و هدفمند نبودن یارانهها (۲۱/۴) بهترتیب مهمترین چالشهای تأمین مسکن برای گروههای کمدرآمد شهری شناخته شدند. همچنین مهمترین راهبردها، ایجاد یا تقویت سیاستهای مسکن گروههای کمدرآمد و کنترل استانداردهای مسکن در پروژههای تأمین مسکن گروههای کمدرآمد میباشند.
Housing is one of the most basic needs of human life and it is considered as the smallest element of settlements and is still known as the most important need of new societies. Providing this need is always more vital for the low-income urban strata. On the other hand, the lack of proper planning of housing for the low-income urban strata, as well as the ease of profit-seeking people entering the housing sector and using it for unconventional profits, has made us feel the need for proper planning of housing for the residents day by day. The present research It was done with the aim of "Challenges and strategies to provide housing for urban low-income groups". The type of this research is descriptive-analytical and the purpose is applied-developmental. The statistical population of the research is experts in the field of urban development, geography and urban planning, and the sample size is determined by using the Delphi method, 35 people. The sampling method is snowball sampling University professors who were active in this field) have been used, the data required for this research was collected by questionnaire. The research data was analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis. The results of the factor analysis showed that the units were not sold due to the financial inability of the applicants (7.98), the high cost of land (7.37), the increase in city taxes (6.84), and the increase in the price of construction materials (6.71). , the low ability of applicants (5/25), the lack of necessary information (5/14) and the non-targeting of subsidies (4/21) were identified as the most important challenges in providing housing for low-income urban groups. The most important strategies are to create or strengthen low-income housing policies and control housing standards in low-income housing projects.
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Housing is one of the basic needs of the household, which has a high share of the country's fixed capital formation. This sector has a wide relationship with other economic sectors and is known as one of the most important and influential sectors of the country's economy, which can become an engine of economic growth, especially during economic recession. Lack of access to suitable housing is a global phenomenon that fluctuates depending on the situation of different countries. The right to decent housing describes access to adequate housing. The right to adequate housing has been recognized in various international, national and regional declarations and resolutions and is directly mentioned in more than 100 constitutions. In this regard, as mentioned by Davy and Plaisari (2013), the right to housing is a vital element in the understanding of global social citizenship, so that this right should be reserved for each member of society and everyone should be able to do so equally. . For access to adequate housing, despite the existence of such a right worldwide, the number of people who are homeless, poorly housed or deprived in cities and urban areas is increasing every day. Iran is no exception to this general rule, where housing issues and challenges continue to worsen. The main cause of this phenomenon is rapid urbanization, which has led to the creation and expansion of "inequality gaps" in the distribution and allocation of facilities, and as a result, the "spatial separation" of different societies. In various countries, many plans and measures have been taken to provide housing, especially for the low-income classes. In Iran, like many developing countries, the issue of providing housing, especially for the low-income urban classes, is a challenging and strategic issue. and governments have always tried to solve the housing problem of the low-income urban strata that Especially in the last few decades and due to the increase of migrations to medium and large cities, they have expanded day by day, to implement various programs and policies in the form of development programs in different cities, which include renovation policies, land preparation, mass building, social housing, Rental housing, legal policies and financial policies mentioned The city of Qeshm has been able to improve its position in Hormozgan province due to its commercial position and the use of water transportation, and the existence of a free trade zone has not had an effect on the growth and development of the city of Qeshm. The high rate of housing and the price of land and real estate in the areas of Qeshm city, and the increasing demand for housing construction, as well as congestion in different sectors, have caused serious problems in the housing sector, and with this price trend, many low-income groups do not own housing. Housing affordability is a relative concept that differs among people with different incomes, and since not all people can afford to buy housing, or housing rents are high, and some cannot afford such rents, the researcher tried to examine challenges and strategies that may be effective in reducing housing prices; Therefore, the main question of the research is, what are the challenges and strategies of providing housing for the urban low-income groups of Qeshm city?
Methodology
The dominant approach for this research is developmental and the research method is descriptive, analytical and survey. The information required for research is collected through documentary, library, survey and interview methods with experts. It is a city related to housing for low income groups. The sample size is the number of people who make up the statistical sample. One of the major issues that is important in research projects is having the necessary sample size. Because if we choose the number of samples too large, it will involve a lot of work and as a result, a lot of cost, and if we take the number of samples less than the specified limit, the results will be incorrect. And it does not give us the necessary and accurate information. The sample size of experts and managers is selected through snowball sampling and the number of 35 people is completed by them in analyzing the data and proving the relationship of the variables, as well as developing strategies, policies and final plans. The methods and models of descriptive statistics of index scores will be used to measure research variables, Cronbach's alpha test to measure reliability and analysis method with SPSS software. In this research Structural equation modeling has been used to investigate the relationships between model components. In addition, the researcher has used structural equation modeling in the direction of confirmatory factor analysis. It has been used to analyze the hypotheses using Lisrel software.
Results and Discussion
According to table (2), the factor load of all factors can be seen. In the standard estimation mode, the factor loadings are shown, the larger the factor loading is and the closer it is to the number one, that is, the observed variable (question) can better explain the underlying or hidden variable. If the factor load is less than 0.4, the relationship is considered weak and is ignored, and if it is more than 0.46, it is favorable. In the case of significance, the value of t (path coefficient in the case of significance) must be greater than 1.96 so that the relationship between each question and the desired variable is significant. The value of t for all questions except question 16 is greater than the value of 1.96, so the relationship between the questions and the desired variable is significant, and therefore the questions are suitable explanations for the desired variable.
Conclusion
he results of the factor analysis showed that the units were not sold due to the financial inability of the applicants (7.98), the high cost of land (7.37), the increase in city taxes (6.84), and the increase in the price of construction materials (6.71). , the low ability of applicants (5/25), the lack of necessary information (5/14) and the lack of targeted subsidies (4/21) were identified as the most important challenges of providing housing for low-income urban groups. The failure of the built units due to the financial inability of the applicants was the most important challenge in providing housing for low-income urban groups; Therefore, it is suggested: 1- Preparation of Bostan, Kolestan and Garistan settlements in the southwest of Qeshm city 2- Preventing the migration of villagers to Qeshm city and providing facilities and services to them in the villages 3- Construction and completion of national housing and Mehr housing for low-income people in Qeshm city 4- Establishing public transportation on the route of Qeshm-Tola city and attracting the population of low-income groups of Qeshm city to this area. 5- Controlling land use in Qeshm city and not assigning residential use to
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