رتبه بندی عوامل داخلی شناسایی شده¬ی موثر بر کسب مزیت رقابتی در بانک ملی
محورهای موضوعی : مدیریتابوالقاسم موسوی نسب 1 , رضا سپهوند 2 , عبدالخالق غلامی چنارستان علیا 3 , علی پیرزاد 4
1 - دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مدیریت بازرگانی، واحد یاسوج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، یاسوج، ایران
2 - دانشیار گروه اموراقتصادی و اداری، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران
3 - (استادیار گروه مدیریت، واحد یاسوج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، یاسوج، ایران
4 - استادیار گروه مدیریت، واحد یاسوج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، یاسوج، ایران
کلید واژه: مزیت رقابتی, عوامل داخلی, بانک ملی, کهگیلویه و بویراحمد.,
چکیده مقاله :
تحقیق حاضر با هدف شناسایی و اولویتبندی عوامل داخلی موثر بر کسب مزیت رقابتی در بانک ملی صورت گرفت. روش تحقیق پژوهش حاضر به دو شیوه کیفی- اکتشافی و کمی- پیمایشی اجرا شد. در بخش اکتشافی با ابزار مصاحبه نیمهساختاریافته اطلاعات لازم جمع شد و به روش تحلیل مضمون نتایج استخراج شد. جامعه آماری، مدیران و کا رکنان بانک ملی اداره امورشعب استان کهگیلویه وبویراحمد بودند که در بخش کیفی، به روش نمونهگیری هدفمند نمونه انتخاب گردید بعد از 10 مصاحبه به اشباع دادهها رسیدیم. در بخش پیمایشی بدون نمونهگیری تعداد 100 نفر از کارکنان و مدیران بانک ملی اداره امورشعب استان کهگیلویه وبویراحمد انتخاب شدند.پرسشنامه مستخرج ازیافتههای بخش کیفی بین آنها توزیع گردید و نتایج براساس نرمافزار SPSS مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت. دریافتههای بخش کیفی، 20 عامل داخلی در بانک ملی موثر بر کسب مزیت رقابتی بودند که عبارتاند از: ایجاد تمایز در خدمات،کاهش قیمت تمامشده خدمات،قدرت جذب مشتری، ارتباط و اعتمادسازی مناسب با مشتری، قدرت جذب منابع، ارائه خدمات مشاوره مناسب به مشتریان، قدرت وصول مطالبات، قابلیت بازاریابی، برندینگ بانک ملی، منابع انسانی توانمند، خدمات متنوع بانکی، بانکداری الکترونیکی،تعدد شعب،کیفیت خدمات،مدیریت و نظارت برکارکنان، اطلاعرسانی مناسب ،تسهیلات مناسب و متنوع،انعطافپذیری در رویهها و فرایندهای کاری، سرعت ارائه خدمات، پاسخگوئی و پیگیری. رتبهبندی عوامل مذکور نشان داد؛ منابع انسانی توانمند، قدرت جذب منابع، مدیریت و نظارت بر کارکنان، ارتباط و اعتمادسازی مناسب با مشتری وکیفیت خدمات مهمترین عوامل داخلی موثر بر کسب مزیت رقابتی در بانک ملی بودند.
- Introduction and Problem Statement
- Industry Context:The banking industry is highly competitive and profitable. In such an environment, survival and success depend on developing and sustaining competitive advantages. Banks must leverage their internal strengths to offer differentiated, valuable, and customer-centric services.
- Specific Problem:Melli Bank faces challenges in establishing a clear competitive edge. Identified internal weaknesses include: rigid programs and strategies, insufficient marketing capabilities, low employee motivation, poor digital agility, repetitive tasks, dispersed and inefficient software systems, expensive deposits, lack of service diversity, slow service delivery, and non-strategic government-mandated loans.
- Research Objective:To identify and prioritize the internal factors that affect Melli Bank's ability to gain a competitive advantage, specifically within its branches in Kohgilouyeh and Boyerahmad Province.
- Core Research Question:"What are the internal factors affecting the acquisition of competitive advantage in Melli Bank?"
- Research Methodology (Sequential Exploratory Mixed-Method)
- Overall Design:Applied research using an exploratory sequential approach.
- Phase 1: Qualitative (Exploratory)
- Goal:To discover the key internal factors.
- Method:Semi-structured interviews.
- Participants:10 managers and senior employees of Melli Bank in the target province, selected via purposive sampling until data saturation.
- Data Analysis:Thematic analysis, resulting in the identification of 20 internal factors.
- Phase 2: Quantitative (Descriptive-Survey)
- Goal:To validate, rank, and describe the importance of the identified factors.
- Method:Survey using a researcher-made questionnaire based on the 20 factors.
- Population & Sample:All 100 managers and employees of the Melli Bank administration in the province (census method, no sampling).
- Data Analysis:Descriptive statistics, one-sample t-test (to compare means against the theoretical midpoint), and Friedman test (to rank the factors) using SPSS. Structural equation modeling was also used for hypothesis testing.
- Key Findings
- Identified Internal Factors (20 Items):The qualitative phase revealed 20 critical internal factors, including: Service Differentiation, Cost Reduction, Customer Attraction Power, Customer Relationship & Trust Building, Resource Attraction Power, Consultancy Services, Debt Collection Capability, Marketing Capability, Branding, Competent Human Resources, Diverse Banking Services, E-banking, Number of Branches, Service Quality, Employee Management & Supervision, Proper Communication, Appropriate & Diverse Facilities, Flexibility in Procedures, Service Speed, and Responsiveness & Follow-up.
- Overall Significance:The one-sample t-test confirmed that all 20 factors were rated by respondents as significantly above the average level of importance.
- Factor Ranking (Top 5 Most Important):The Friedman test ranked the factors. The top five internal factors for gaining competitive advantage in Melli Bank are:
- Competent Human Resources(Mean Rank: 13.89)
- Resource Attraction Power(Mean Rank: 12.14)
- Employee Management & Supervision(Mean Rank: 12.14)
- Customer Relationship & Trust Building(Mean Rank: 11.54)
- Service Quality(Mean Rank: 11.54)
- Discussion and Conclusion
- The Human-Centric Core:The study's most crucial finding is that human capital and its effective management are the foremost drivers of competitive advantage for Melli Bank. Competent employees who are well-managed and supervised can build strong customer relationships, deliver high-quality services, and effectively attract resources.
- Strategic Implications:Success hinges on moving beyond tangible assets to focus on intangible resources like skilled personnel, brand reputation, customer trust, and effective internal processes. Melli Bank's strengths lie in its extensive branch network, pioneering role in e-banking, and the resulting customer trust and loyalty, which lower service costs and enhance competitiveness.
- Integrated Advantage:Competitive advantage for Melli Bank is not derived from a single factor but from a synergistic combination: capable human resources drive quality service and trust-building, which in turn leverages the bank's wide physical and digital presence to attract low-cost resources and create a sustainable competitive cycle.
- Alignment with Literature:The results align with previous domestic and international studies (e.g., Zaki Asghari, 2015; West & Worthington, 2017; Rodriguez et al., 2017) emphasizing the critical role of human factors, customer relationship management, service quality, and digital capabilities in banking competitiveness.
- Practical Recommendations for Melli Bank
To strengthen its internal competitive position, Melli Bank should:
- Conduct a Comprehensive SWOT Analysisto formally identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.
- Invest in Human Capital:Implement regular training programs to enhance employee skills and knowledge.
- Strengthen Management & Supervision:Develop and implement effective performance evaluation systems for managers and employees.
- Enhance Customer Relationship Management (CRM):Adopt advanced CRM systems to better understand and interact with customers, increasing loyalty.
- Foster a Positive Organizational Culture:Promote a participatory culture where employees feel valued and motivated.
- Leverage Technology:Invest in modern banking technologies and information systems to improve internal processes and service delivery.
- Boost Marketing & Branding:Strengthen marketing strategies to increase customer awareness of the bank's services and products.
- Focus on Service Innovation:Invest in R&D to identify and implement innovative banking services tailored to market needs.
- Gather Continuous Feedback:Conduct regular surveys of customers and employees to collect feedback for continuous improvement.
- Limitations and Future Research
- Limitations:The study focused on a single province (Kohgilouyeh and Boyerahmad), which may limit the generalizability of findings to other regions or the entire Melli Bank network. The qualitative sample size was small (though saturated).
- Future Research:
- Replicate the study in other provinces or with a nationwide sample from Melli Bank.
- Investigate the interrelationships and causal effectsbetween the top-ranked factors (e.g., how does management style directly impact service quality?).
- Conduct a comparative study between Melli Bank and its key competitors to identify relative strengths and weaknesses.
- Examine the impact of external factors(e.g., economic policies, regulatory changes) in conjunction with these internal factors on competitive advantage.
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