مقایسه‌ی حمایت اجتماعی و رضایت از زندگی و افسردگی و شادکامی در سالمندان زن و مرد

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زن و جامعه

سیده مریم‌ حسینی ¹ (استاد یار دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مرودشت، گروه روانشناسی، مرودشت)
آذرمیدخت رضایی ² (استاد یار دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مرودشت،گروه روانشناسی، مرودشت)
زهره‌ کیخسروی‌بیگ‌زاد ³ (دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مرودشت، گروه روانشناسی، مرودشت)

تاریخ دریافت : 1394/09/24 تاریخ پذیرش : 1394/09/24 تاریخ انتشار : 1390/10/01

کلید واژه: افسردگی, رضایت از زندگی, حمایت اجتماعی, شادکامی, سالمند,

چکیده مقاله :

سالمندی یکی از مراحل مهم زندگی است و با پیشرفت علم و بهبود شرایط بهداشتی شمار سالمندان در جوامع گوناگون رو به افزایش است. افزایش شمار سالمندان از یک سو و باورهای مذهبی و فرهنگی کشور ما مبنی بر اکرام سالمندان اهمیت پژوهش را در این زمینه آشکار می‌سازد.این`پژوهش با هدف مقایسه‌ی حمایت اجتماعی و رضایت از زندگی و شادکامی و افسردگی در سالمندان زن و مرد انجام گرفته است. روش مطالعه از نوع علی مقایسه ای بود. جامعه‌ی آماری تمامی سالمندان زن و مرد شهر شیراز بودند. حجم نمونه 379 نفر (200مرد و 179 زن) بود که با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند. داده‌ها از روش پرسشنامه‌های حمایت اجتماعی،Phillips ، رضایت از زندگیDiener و شادکامی و افسردگی Joseph & Lewis گردآوری شد. برای تجزیه و تحلیل فرضیه‌ی 1و 2 از ماتریس همبستگی، فرضیه‌ی 3 و 4 از تحلیل واریانس چند متغیری و برای پرسش 1 پژوهش، ازz فیشر استفاده شد. نتایج تحلیل داده‌ها نشان دهنده‌ی رابطه‌ی معنی‌دار بین همه‌ی متغییرهای پژوهش بودند. همچنین تفاوت معنی داری در مولفه حمایت دیگران از مولفه های حمایت اجتماعی و شادکامی و افسردگی و رضایت از زندگی بین زنان و مردان سالمند نشان داد ، بدین صورت که در مولفه حمایت دیگران و افسردگی میانگین زنان سالمند و در شادکامی و رضایت از زندگی میانگین مردان سالمند بیشتر بود.  

چکیده انگلیسی:

Aging is an important stage in life and with advances in science and health care the number of the old is increasing in different societies. This increase and our religious and cultural believes emphasizing venerating the old point to the significance of this study. The present study investigated old men and women’s differences in terms of social support, life satisfaction, happiness, and depression. This causal-comparative research sampled 379 old persons (200 men and 179 women) from the old living in Shiraz using convenience sampling. The participants completed three questionnaires; Philips’ “social support”, Diner’s “life satisfaction”, and Joseph & Lewis’ “happiness and depression”. A use was made of correlational matrix, multivariate variance analysis, and Fisher’s z to examine hypotheses 1&2, 3&4, and to answer question 1 respectively. The Results of the study showed that there was a significant relationship among all the variables and that there was a significant difference between the old men and women with respect to social support, happiness and depression, and life satisfaction.  

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