رابطه عملکرد خانواده با رفتارهای پرخطر جنسی و مصرف مواد در زنان: میانجی‌گری سرمایه روانشناختی
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زن و جامعه
محبوبه کربلایی
1
(دانشجوی دکترای روانشناسی عمومی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.)
آسیه مرادی
2
(استادیار گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم اجتماعی، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.)
پروانه کریمی
3
(دانشجوی دکترای روانشناسی عمومی، مرکز تحقیقات توسعه اجتماعی و ارتقاء سلامت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی کرمانشاه، ایران.)
کلید واژه: زنان, سرمایه روانشناختی, عملکرد خانواده, رفتارپرخطر,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف: یکی از مخاطرات و بحران های جوامع امروزی، گرایش زنان به انجام رفتارهای پرخطر است. پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی عملکرد خانواده با گرایش به رفتارهای پرخطر جنسی و مصرف مواد با میانجی‌گری سرمایه روانشناختی در زنان شهر کرمانشاه انجام شد.
روش: در این مطالعه توصیفی-تحلیلی از نوع همبستگی، تعداد 600 نفر از زنان با استفاده از روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس انتخاب شدند. جهت جمع‌آوری داده‌ها از پرسشنامه سرمایه روانشناختی لوتاز و آوری( 2007)، پرسشنامه عملکرد خانواده اپشتاین، بالدوین و بیشاب( 1983) و پرسشنامه رفتارهای پرخطر مرکز کنترل بیماری‌های آمریکا استفاده شد. تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از روش همبستگی و نحلیل مسیر توسط نرم افزار SPSS-25 و AMOS-23انجام شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که بین عملکرد خانواده با گرایش به مصرف موادو روابط جنسی پرخطر همبستگی منفی و معناداری در سطح 001/0= P وجود دارد. همچنین نتایج نشان داد بین خودکارآمدی، خوش‌بینی، امید و تاب آوری با گرایش به مصرف مواد و رفتار جنسی پرخطر همبستگی منفی و معناداری در سطح 001/0= P وجود دارد. در نهایت نتایج نشان داد که متغیرهای خوش-بینی و امید توان میانجی‌گری بین عملکرد خانواده و گرایش به رفتارپرخطر جنسی و مصرف مواد را دارند. بنابراین با تاکید بر عملکرد خانواده و مفاهیم مثبت روان شناختی و با تقویت این عوامل می‌توان از گرایش افراد به رفتارهای پرخطر( مصرف مواد و رفتارهای جنسی پرخطر) پیشگیری کرد.
Introduction: One of the dangers and crises of today's societies is the tendency of women to engage in risky behaviors. The aim of this study was to investigate family performance with a tendency to high-risk sexual behaviors and substance use mediated by psychological capital in women in Kermanshah.
Methods:In this descriptive-analytical correlational study, 600 women were selected using available sampling method. For data collection, Lutaz & Avari (2007) Psychological Capital Questionnaire, Epstein, Baldwin & Bishab (1983) Family Functioning Questionnaire and the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Behavior Questionnaire were used. Data analysis was performed using correlation and path analysis methods by SPSS-25 and AMOS-23 software.
Findings:The results showed that there was a significant negative correlation between family performance and tendency to use drugs and high-risk sex at the level of P = 0.001. The results also showed that there is a significant negative correlation between self-efficacy, optimism, hope and resilience with the tendency to use drugs and high-risk sexual behavior at the level of P = 0.001. Finally, the results showed that the variables of optimism and hope can mediate between family performance and tendency to risky sexual behavior and substance use. Therefore, by emphasizing family functioning and positive psychological concepts and by strengthening these factors, it is possible to prevent people from tending to high-risk behaviors (substance use and high-risk sexual behaviors).
Shekari F, Habibi P, Nadrian H, Mohammadpoorasl A. Health-risk behaviors among Iranian university students, 2019: a web-based survey. Archives of Public Health.2020; 78(1): 1-6. DOI:10.1186/s13690-020-00514-y
Fathi A, Malekirad A, Abasi M. Predicting High-Risk Behaviors of Adolescents Based on the Family Function and Religious Orientation Emphasizing on the Police Role. Police Cultural Studies.2021; 8(1):13-23. (Persian). DOI: 10.22034/hpsj.2021.95981
Khojandi G, baneshi M, Sharif H. High-risk behaviors prevalence among Islamic Azad and Payame Noor University students in Roudan, 2016. J Prevent Med. 2018; 5 (2) :52-44, (Persian).
Shadkam S, Molazadeh J, Aflaksir A. Predicting Sexual Risk Behaviors Related to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Based on the Difficulty of Emotion Regulation in Substance Users. RBS. 2018; 16 (2) :182-188. (Persian).
Miller JD, Lynam D, Zimmerman RS, Logan TK, Leukefeld C, Clayton R. The utility of the Five Factor Model in understanding risky sexual behavior. Personality and individual differences. 2004; 36(7):1611-1626. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2003.06.009
Chawla N, Sarkar S. Defining “high-risk sexual behavior” in the context of substance use. Journal of Psychosexual Health.2019; 1(1): 26-31. DOI: 10.1177/2631831818822015
Zeng X, Tan C. The relationship between the family functioning of individuals with drug addiction and relapse tendency: a moderated mediation model. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(2):625. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18020625
Ramaswami SB, Jensen T, Berghaus M, De-Oliveira S, Russ SA, Weiss-Laxer N, Verbiest S, Barkin S. Family health development in life course research: a scoping review of family functioning measures. Pediatrics. 2022; 1:149(Supplement 5). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2021-053509J
Booysen F, Botha F, Wouters E. Conceptual causal models of socioeconomic status, family structure, family functioning and their role in public health. BMC public health.2021; 21(1): 1-6. DOI:10.1186/s12889-021-10214-z
Dai L, Wang L. Review of family functioning. Open Journal of Social Sciences. 2015; 3(12): 134. DOI: 10.4236/jss.2015.312014
Miller IW, Ryan CE, Keitner GI, Bishop DS, Epstein NB. The McMaster Approach to Families: Theory, assessment, treatment and research. Journal of Family Therapy.2000; 22(2): 168–189. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6427.00145
Pérez-Fuentes MDC, Molero Jurado MDM, Barragán Martín AB, Gázquez Linares JJ. Family functioning, emotional intelligence, and values: Analysis of the relationship with aggressive behavior in adolescents. International journal of environmental research and public health.2019; 16(3): 478. DOI:10.3390/ijerph16030478
Folk JB, Brown LK, Marshall BD, Ramos LM, Gopalakrishnan L, Koinis-Mitchell D, Tolou-Shams M. The prospective impact of family functioning and parenting practices on court-involved youth’s substance use and delinquent behavior. Journal of youth and adolescence.2020; 49(1): 238-251. DOI: 10.1007/s10964-019-01099-8
Zakiei A, Ghasemi SR, Komasi S, Rostampour M, Khazaie H. Controlling risky behavior associated with AIDS: the role of social support, family functioning, self-efficacy and AIDS risk perception. BMC psychology. 2022;10(1):1-0. doi: 10.1186/s40359-022-00839-z.
Cassels M, van Harmelen AL, Neufeld S, Goodyer I, Jones PB, Wilkinson P. Poor family functioning mediates the link between childhood adversity and adolescent nonsuicidal self-injury. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry.2018; 59(8): 881–887. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12866.
Molero Jurado MDM, Pérez-Fuentes MDC, Barragán Martín AB, del Pino Salvador RM, Gázquez Linares JJ. Analysis of the relationship between emotional intelligence, resilience, and family functioning in adolescents’ sustainable use of alcohol and tobacco. Sustainability.2019; 11(10): 2954. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11102954
Rezaei A, Soltanifar F. Family Functioning and Risky Behaviors Among Female Adolescents: Mediating Role of Emotion Dysregulation and Decision-Making Styles. Current Psychology. 2022; 11:1-3. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-02799-4
Santisi G, Lodi E, Magnano P, Zarbo R, Zammitti, A. Relationship between psychological capital and quality of life: The role of courage. Sustainability.2020; 12(13): 5238. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135238
Luthans F, Broad JD. Positive Psychological Capital to Help Combat the Mental Health Fallout from the Pandemic and VUCA Environment. Organizational Dynamics, 100817.2020. doi: 10.1016/j.orgdyn.2020.100817.
Harms P, Vanhove A, Luthans F. Positive projections and health: An initial validation of the implicit psychological capital health measure. Applied Psychology.2017; 66(1): 78-102. https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12077
Li XK, Zhan PS, Chen SD, Ren J. The Relationship between Family Functioning and Pathological Internet Use among Chinese Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Hope and the Moderating Role of Social Withdrawal. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021; 18(14): 7700. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18147700.
Broad JD, Luthans F. Positive resources for psychiatry in the fourth industrial revolution: Building patient and family focused psychological capital (PsyCap). International Review of Psychiatry. 2020; 32(7-8):542-54. doi: 10.1080/09540261.2020.1796600.
Liu N, Liu S, Yu N, Peng Y, Wen Y, Tang J, Kong L. Correlations among psychological resilience, self-efficacy, and negative emotion in acute myocardial infarction patients after percutaneous coronary intervention. Frontiers in psychiatry.2018; 9: 1. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00001.
Harms P, Krasikova DV, Luthans F. Not me, but reflects me: Validating a simple implicit measure of psychological capital. Journal of personality assessment.2018; 100(5):551-562. doi: 10.1080/00223891.2018.1480489.
Aziz R, Mangestuti R, Wahyuni EN. The Role of optimism as the mediator between family and mental wellbeing among secondary school students in East Java. International Conference on Psychology in Health, Educational, Social, and Organizational Settings. 2018. DOI:10.5220/0008589203450350.
Seligman M. Learned optimism: How to change your life and mind. New York: Free Press.1998.
Krasikova DV, Lester PB, Harms PD. Effects of psychological capital on mental health and substance abuse. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies. 2015; 22(3): 280-291. DOI: 10.1177/1548051815585853
Zeinali P, Ganji K, Niyusha B, Zabihi R. The Structural modeling of the health and dangerous behaviors based on psychological capital and hardiness among students of Tehran universities: time horizon as a mediator. International Journal of Applied Behavioral Sciences. 2020; 7(3): 36-46. https://doi.org/10.22037/ijabs.v7i3.31551
Liu L, Xu X, Wu H, Yang Y, Wang L. Associations of psychological capital, demographic and occupational factors with cigarette smoking among Chinese underground coal miners. BMC public health. 2015; 15(1): 1-10. DOI 10.1186/s12889-015-1349-6
Cordova D, Coleman-Minahan K, Romo T, Borrayo EA, Bull S. The Role of Social Capital, Sex Communication, and Sex Refusal Self-Efficacy in Sexual Risk Behaviors and HIV Testing among a Diverse Sample of Youth. Adolescents. 2022;2(1):30-42. https://doi.org/10.3390/adolescents2010004
Abdelkawy Abdelmouttelb A, Mahmoud Mohamed Elewa S, Ata Abdelsalhen F. Relation between Substance Use Craving and Self-Efficacy in Addict Patients. Egyptian Journal of Health Care. 2022;13(3):269-89. DOI: 10.21608/EJHC.2022.251533
Khodarahimi S, Ghadampour E, Pourkord M, Sheikhi S, Mazraeh N. The Roles of Attachment Style, Self-Efficacy, and Impulsivity on the Prediction of Attitudes toward Substance Use in Male Adolescents. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs. 2021:1-7. doi/full/10.1080/02791072.2021.1957185
Lee C, Corte C, Stein KF, Feng J, Liao L. Alcohol-related cognitive mechanisms underlying adolescent alcohol use and alcohol problems: Outcome expectancy, self-schema, and self-efficacy. Addictive Behaviors.2020; 105, Article 106346. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106349.
Filiz N, Polat S. The correlation between the addiction profile and general self-efficacy of patients receiving treatment for substance use disorder. Journal of Substance Use. 2022:1-7. https://doi.org/10.1080/14659891.2022.2047808
Storholm ED, Huang W, Siconolfi DE, Pollack LM, Carrico AW, Vincent W, Rebchook GM, Huebner DM, Wagner GJ, Kegeles SM. Sources of resilience as mediators of the effect of minority stress on stimulant use and sexual risk behavior among young black men who have sex with men. AIDS and Behavior.2019; 23(12): 3384-3395. doi: 10.1007/s10461-019-02572-y.
Yang Y, Li M, Lin HC. Parental Rejection, Resilience, and Health-risk Behavior in Emerging Adults. American Journal of Health Behavior. 2019; 43(5): 898–911. doi:10.5993/ajhb.43.5.3
Nguyen NN. Optimism as a protective factor against alcohol use among Vietnamese teenagers. Journal of Substance Use. 2021;1-4. DOI:10.1080/14659891.2021.1941358
Singleton G, Johnson L, Singleton N, Li H. COVID‐19‐related anxiety: How do coping and optimism relate to substance use in African–American young adults? Journal of Community Psychology. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.22863
Lopez SV, Leffingwell TR. The Role of Unrealistic Optimism in College Student Risky Sexual Behavior. American Journal of Sexuality Education. 2020;15(2): 201-217. https://doi.org/10.1080/15546128.2020.1734131
Barel E. 2D: 4D, optimism, and risk taking. Current Psychology.2019; 38(1):204-212. DOI:10.1007/s12144-017-9598-4
Gutierrez D. Spiritus contra spiritum: Addiction, hope, and the search for meaning. Spirituality in Clinical Practice. 2019;6(4):229. https://doi.org/10.1037/scp0000201
Arab A. The Relationship of Life Expectancy, Attitude towards Delinquent Behavior, and Experience of Drug Abuse among Male Senior High School Students of Shirabad and Downtown of Zahedan. Journal of Educational psychology studies.2018;14(28):149-168.doi: 10.22111/JEPS.2017.3598
Keshavarz S, Coventry KR, Fleming P. Relative deprivation and hope: Predictors of risk behavior. Journal of Gambling Studies. 2021;37(3):817-35. doi: 10.1007/s10899-020-09989-4.
Hill LM, Abler L, Maman S, Twine R, Kahn K, MacPhail C, Pettifor A. Hope, the household environment, and sexual risk behaviors among young women in rural South Africa (HPTN 068). AIDS and Behavior. 2018 Jun; 22(6):1908-18. doi: 10.1007/s10461-017-1945-9.
Luthans F, Avolio BJ, Avey JB, Norman SM. Positive psychological capital: Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. Personnel Psychology. 2007; 60(3): 541–572. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.2007.00083.x.
Avey JB, Luthans F, Smith RM, Palmer NF. Impact of positive psychological capital on employee well-being over time. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology.2010; 15(1): 17–28. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016998
Harms PD, Luthans F. Measuring implicit psychological constructs in organizational behavior: An example using psychological capital. Journal of Organizational Behavior. 2011;33(4): 589–594. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.1785
Bahadri Khosrowshahi J, Hashemi Nusrat Abad T, Babapourkhairuddin J. The relationship between social capital and psychological well-being in Tabriz University students, scientific articles of the Ministry of Science. 2013; 6(3): 44-54. (Persian).
Epstein NB, Baldwin LM, Bishop DS. The McMaster family assessment device. Journal of marital and family therapy.1983; 9(2): 171-180.
Sanai B. Measurement scales of family and marriage, Tehran: Ba'ath Publications. 2009. (Persian).
Brener ND, Collins JL, Kann L, Warren CW, Williams BI. Reliability of the Youth Risk Behavior Survey Questionnaire. American Journal of Epidemiology, 1995, 141(6), 575–580. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117473.
Mehrabi HA, Kajbaf MB, Mujahid A. Prediction of risky behaviors based on sensation seeking and demographic factors in Isfahan University students. Journal of Psychological Studies. 2008; 6(2):141-165. (Persian).
_||_
