بررسی عوامل محیطی موثر بر احساس امنیت زنان در شهر سبزوار

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زن و جامعه

زهرا صالحی ¹ (دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد رشته جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، گروه برنامه ریزی شهری و روستایی، دانشکده جغرافیا و علوم محیطی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران)
سید هادی حسینی ² (استادیار گروه جغرافیا، مرکز پژوهشی علوم جغرافیایی و مطالعات اجتماعی، دانشگاه حکیم سبزواری، سبزوار، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1399/04/24 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/08/23 تاریخ انتشار : 1400/08/01

کلید واژه: زنان, احساس امنیت, سبزوار, عوامل محیطی,

چکیده مقاله :

چکیده
هدف: تغییرات اقتصادی، اجتماعی و فرهنگی دهه­های اخیر باعث افزایش حضور زنان در فضای شهری شده است. این عامل باعث شده تا موضوع امنیت و به ویژه احساس امنیت زنان در شهر و عوامل تاثیرگذار برآن، مورد توجه محققان قرار گیرد. هدف این پژوهش، بررسی نقش متغیرهای محیطی در احساس امنیت زنان در فضای شهری می­باشد.
روش­: این تحقیق، یک بررسی پیمایشی – موردی، از نظر وسعت، چهنانگر و از نظر زمانی مقطعی می­باشد.   جامعه آماری زنان 15-40 ساله شهر سبزوار و نمونه آماری بر اساس فرمول کوکران 366 برآورد گردید که در پرسشگری نهایی تعداد 408 نمونه گردآوری و تحلیل گردید. عرصه تحقیق، 22 محدوده از بافت­های پنج گانه (مرکزی، میانی، غیررسمی، برنامه­ریزی شده و پیرامونی) شهر سبزوار می­باشد.
یافته­ها: بر اساس نتایج تحقیق، تعلق مکانی و تراکم ادراکی دو متغیر محیطی بودند که به طور مستقیم بر احساس امنیت زنان تاثیر گذار بودند. متغیرهای اختلاط کاربری، خوانایی و سابقه سکونت به طور غیرمستقیم و با میانجیگری تعلق مکانی بر احساس امنیت زنان تاثیر گذار بودند و بی نظمی محیطی، تنها متغیری بود که هم به صورت مستقیم و هم غیرمستقیم بر احساس امنیت زنان تاثیر داشته است. تراکم جمعیت تنها متغیری بود که هیچگونه تاثیری چه مستقیم و چه غیرمستقیم بر احساس امنیت زنان نداشت. نتایج رگرسیون گام به گام و تحلیل مسیر نشان داد که تعلق مکانی به تنهایی 12.5 درصد احساس امنیت زنان را تبیین می­کند. با اضاف شدن متغیرهای تراکم ادراکی، بی نظمی محیطی و خوانایی، میزان تبیین واریانس متغیر وابسته به 20.7 درصد افزایش می­یابد. کاهش کوری جنسیتی در تصمیم­سازی­ها و مشارکت دادن زنان در برنامه­ریزی­ها، می­تواند زمینه را برای افزایش احساس امنیت زنان فراهم نماید.  

چکیده انگلیسی:

In the recent decades, economic, social and cultural changes have increased the presence of women in the urban environment. This issue causes attention to women’s security and its determinants increase between researchers. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the role of environmental variables in women's security in urban space. The study is a survey-case study, cross-sectional and extensive research. The statistical society was 15-40 years old women of Sabzevar and the sample size was estimated based on Cochran's formula 366 which in the final questionnaire, 408 samples were collected and analyzed. The study area included 22 statistical districts of five urban textures (central, middle, informal, planned and peripheral). According to the research results, sense of place and perceptional density were two environmental variables that directly affected women's sense of security. land use mix, readability, and Duration of residence indirectly affected women's sense of security through the mediator of sense of place and environmental disorder was the only variable that affected women's sense of security, both directly and indirectly. Population density was the only variable that had no direct or indirect effect on women's sense of security. The results of stepwise regression and path analysis showed that sense of place alone explains 12.5% of women's sense of security. With the addition of the variables of perceptional density, environmental disorder and readability, the rate of explanation of the variance of the dependent variable increases by 20.7%. Reducing gender blindness in decision-making can help increase women's sense of security.

منابع و مأخذ:

1. Long, L., & Yang, M. (2007). Counseling and treatment issues in couple. Translated by Ali Mohamad nazari, (2018). Tehran: Avaye Noor Publisher.


2. Harper, C., & Snowden, M. (2017). Environment and society: Human perspectives on environmental issues: Taylor & Francis.


3. Amato, P. R. (2010). Research on divorce: Continuing trends and new developments. Journal of Marriage and Family, 72(3), 650-666.


4. Boszormenyi-Nagy, I. (2013). Between give and take: A clinical guide to contextual therapy: Routledge.


5. Doherty, W. J. (2020). Public policy and systemic family therapy for couples. The Handbook of Systemic Family Therapy, 3, 533-549.


6. Busby, D. M., Christensen, C., Crane, D. R., & Larson, J. H. (1995). A revision of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale for use with distressed and nondistressed couples: Construct hierarchy and multidimensional scales. Journal of Marital and family Therapy, 21(3), 289-308.


7. Yousefi, N. (2012). Psychometric Properties of the Revised Dyadic Adjustment Scales (RDAS). Research in Clinical Psychology and Counseling, 1(2), 183. [persian].


8. sanai zaker, B., Barati, T., & Bustani, A. (2008). Famili and marriage scales. Besat Publications. [persian].


9. Hargrave, T. D., & Pfitzer, F. (2004). The new contextual therapy: Guiding the power of give and take: Routledge.


10. Khojasteh Mehr, R., Ahmadi Ghozlojeh, A., Sodani, M., & Shirali Nia, K. (2015). The effectiveness of Fairness-based Contextual and brief integrative couples counseling on emotional intimacy and marital quality of couples. university of ahvaz.Department of Counseling, degree of Doctor of in Counseling. [persian].


11. Johnson, S. M., & Whiffen, V. E. (Eds.). (2003). Attachment processes in couple and family therapy. Guilford Press.


12. Donovan, J. M. (1999). Short-term couples group psychotherapy: A tale of four fights. Guilford Press.


13. Munsch, C. L. (2018). Correction:“Her Support, His Support: Money, Masculinity, and Marital Infidelity” American Sociological Review 80 (3): 469–95. American Sociological Review, 83(4), 833-838.


14. Crowley, A. K. (2010). The relationship of adult attachment style and interactive conflict styles to marital satisfaction. Texas A & M University.


15. Gottman, J. M., & Silver, N. (2015). The seven principles for making marriage work: A practical guide from the country's foremost relationship expert: Harmony.


16. Lewis, R. A., & Spanier, G. B. (1979). Theorizing about the quality and stability of marriage. Contemporary theories about the family: research-based theories/edited by Wesley R. Burr. [Et al.].


17. Bookwala, J. (2005). The role of marital quality in physical health during the mature years. Journal of aging and health, 17(1), 85-104.


18. Perry, B. J. (2004). The relationship between equity and marital quality among Hispanics, African Americans and Caucasians. The Ohio State University.


19. Lively, K. J., Steelman, L. C., & Powell, B. (2010). Equity, emotion, and household division of labor response. Social psychology quarterly, 73(4), 358-379.


20. Feeney, J., Peterson, C., & Noller, P. (1994). Equity and marital satisfaction over the family life cycle. Personal Relationships, 1(1), 83-99.


21. Eshaghi, M., Mohebbi, SF., Parvin, S., Mohammadi, F. (2013). Evaluating Social Factors Affecting Women's Divorce Request in Tehran. Women in Development & Politics. 1391(3):97.


22. Grames, H. A., Miller, R. B., Robinson, W. D., Higgins, D. J., & Hinton, W. J. (2008). A test of contextual theory: The relationship among relational ethics, marital satisfaction, health problems, and depression. Contemporary Family Therapy, 30(4), 183-198.


23. Bernstein, F. H., & Bernstein, M. B. (2003). Communication-Therapeutic Behavior from a Behavioral Perspective (Translated by Hamid Reza Sohrabi).


24. Sprecher, S. (2001). Equity and social exchange in dating couples: Associations with satisfaction, commitment, and stability. Journal of Marriage and Family, 63(3), 599-613.


25. Hagedoorn, M., Van Yperen, N. W., Coyne, J. C., van Jaarsveld, C. H., Ranchor, A. V., van Sonderen, E., & Sanderman, R. (2006). Does marriage protect older people from distress? The role of equity and recency of bereavement. Psychology and aging, 21(3), 611.


26. Goldenberg, H., & Goldenberg, I. (2012). Family therapy: An overview Cengage learning. Translated by Hamid Reza Hossein Shahi Barvati, Siamak Naqshbandi and Elham Arjmand. (1389), Tenth edition, Tehran: Ravan Publishing. [Persian].


27. Gangamma, R., Bartle‐Haring, S., & Glebova, T. (2012). A study of contextual therapy theory's relational ethics in couples in therapy. Family Relations, 61(5), 825-835.


28. Boszormenyi-Nagy, I., & Spark, G. M. (1973). Loyalty. Invisible loyalties: Reciprocity in intergenerational family therapy.


29. Dankoski, M. E., & Deacon, S. A. (2000). Using a feminist lens in contextual therapy. Family process, 39(1), 51-66.


30. Mauldin, G. R. (2003). “Forgive and forget”: A case example of contextual marital therapy. The Family Journal, 11(2), 180-184.


31. Altamirano, L. (2003). A brief contextual therapy model for treating complicated grief.


32. Khojasteh Mehr, R., Sobhani joo, s., & Rajabi, g. (2014). direct and indirect effect of perspective- taking on marital quality: testing a mediation model.journal of psychology (tabriz university, 8(32).


33. Jafari Nejad, L., Khojasteh Mehr, r., rajabi, G.(2012) The Effect of Gender Equality Ideology on Marital Coordination and Disharmony Mediated by the Perception of Fairness. Journal of Psychological Achievements. 12(2):159-76.


34. Khojasteh Mehr, R., Koraei, A., Rajabi, G.(2010). A Study of a Proposed Model for Some Precedents and Outcomes of Forgiveness in Marriage. Modern psychological research. 2010; 4(16):155.


35. Wilcox, W. B., & Nock, S. L. (2006). What's love got to do with it? Equality, equity, commitment and women's marital quality. Social forces, 84(3), 1321-1345.


36. Ghorbani k. rational treatment of couple’s therapy - emotional and behavioral Inconsistent and irrational thoughts counseling center in Isfahan. MSc Thesis University of Isfahan. 2005.


37. Karantzas, G. C., Feeney, J. A., & Wilkinson, R. (2010). Is less more? Confirmatory factor analysis of the Attachment Style Questionnaires. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 27(6), 749-780.


38. Troxel, W. M. (2006). Marital quality, communal strength, and physical health. University of Pittsburgh.


39. Johnson, M. D., Cohan, C. L., Davila, J., Lawrence, E., Rogge, R. D., Karney, B. R., ... & Bradbury, T. N. (2005). Problem-solving skills and affective expressions as predictors of change in marital satisfaction. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 73(1), 15.


40. Khojasteh Mehr, R.(2005) A study of personality traits, social skills, attachment styles and demographic characteristics as predictors of success and failure of marital relationship in divorced and normal couples in Ahvaz. PhD Thesis in Psychology. University of Shahid Chamran (Ahvaz).


41. Larson, J. H., & Holman, T. B. (1994). Premarital predictors of marital quality and stability. Family Relations, 228-237.


42. Bahmani, M,. Fallahchaie, S,. Zareie, E.(2011) A Comparative Study of Marital Justice among Satisfied and Conflicting Couples in Bandar Abbas. Semi-annual Journal of Family Counseling and Psychotherapy. 1(3):382-98.


43. Mosavi, F., Eskandari, H., & Bagheri, F. (2018). Therapy and Emotion- focused therapy on Relationship Quality and Marital Satisfaction in betrayed Women in Tehran. 2, 6(6), 141-157. [persian].


44. Ghanbari Hassanabadi, B,. Balandi, E.(2014). Comparing the effectiveness of group therapy of structural therapy with emotion-oriented therapy on perfectionism and defense styles of married women with fear of intimacy. Master Thesis 2014; Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology (Ferdowsi University of Mashhad).