بازتاب شخصیت و مسائل اجتماعی زنان در شعر معاصر افغانستان

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زن و جامعه

محمود مهرآوران ¹ (عضو هیات علمی گروه زبان و ادبیات فارسی، دانشکده ادبیات، دانشگاه قم، قم، ایران.)
عارف حسین انصاری ² (کارشناسی ارشد زبان و ادبیات فارسی دانشگاه قم، قم، ایران.)

تاریخ دریافت : 1399/03/17 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/12/04 تاریخ انتشار : 1401/02/01

کلید واژه: زن, شعر معاصر, افغانستان, مسائل زنان, وضعیت اجتماعی زنان افغانستان,

چکیده مقاله :

افغانستان از کودتای هفتم ثور (۱۳۵۷خ) تا به امروز با تحولات سیاسی، اجتماعی چون هجوم ارتش شوروی، استقرار حکومت‌های چهارگانة کمونیستی، جهاد مردم علیه بیگانگان و بیرون راندن آنان، شروع جنگ‌های داخلی، ظهور گروه‌های تندرو طالبان، شبکه حقانی و القاعده، خانه‌نشینی زنان و دختران و بستن درهای مدارس به روی آنان، مهاجرت و انفجار، روبه‌رو بوده که تاثیرات ناگواری را بر اذهان مردم افغانستان به‌ویژه زنان برجای گذاشته است. از تاثیرات ناگوار این بی‌ثباتی در افغانستان، به حاشیه راندن زنان از عرصة اجتماع و سیاست و نادیده گرفتن حقوق آنان و در نتیجه قربانی شدن زنان به شکل‌های مختلف بود. یکی از موضوعات برجسته در اشعار امروز افغانستان، شخصیت زن و مسائل اجتماعی زنان است. در این مقاله، نوع نگاه اجتماعی به زنان، شخصیت زن، آداب و رسوم، رفتار حکومت‌ها و تحولات معاصر بر سرنوشت زنان و مانند آن‌ها که در اشعار شاعران معاصر افغانستان منعکس شده، به روش توصیفی و تحلیلی ارائه می‌شود. این تحولات سیاسی و اجتماعی در اشعار شاعران معاصر بازتابی گسترده دارد. شاعران، علاوه بر بازتاب رنج‌ها، آسیب‌ها، مظلومیت و ستمدیدگی زنان، بر آزادی زنان و رعایت حقوق آنان تاکید دارند و خشونت و تحقیر علیه زنان و دیدگاه‌های تحجرآمیز توده و زن‌ستیزی را نفی کرده‌اند.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Afghanistan since 1979 has been facing acute political, social and cultural developments such as the invasion of the Soviet army, the establishment of Soviet-backed Communist Quadrants, the sacred jihad against aliens and their expulsion from Afghanistan, the start of civil wars, the emergence of radical groups such as the Taliban, the Haqqani network, and al-Qaeda, Housing women and girls and closing school doors to them, migration, suicide and explosions have had profound and negative effects on the minds of the Afghan people, especially women.One of the highlights in today's Afghan poetry is the female character and issues of Afghan women. In this article, the type of social look at women, the female personality, the impact of people's lives, customs, contemporary government behavior and developments on the fate of women and the like reflected in contemporary Afghan poetry is analyzed. One of the unfortunate effects of this instability in Afghanistan was to marginalize women in society and politics and to disregard their rights and thus to victimize women in various ways. In addition to reflecting women's suffering oppression, poets emphasize women's emancipation and respect for their rights and they have rejected violence and humiliation against women and ridiculous views of the mass and sexism.

منابع و مأخذ:

1. Al-Fenston, Monte Stuart. (1997). Afghans (Place, culture, race), translation: Mohammad Asif Fekrat, Mashhad, Astan Quds Razavi, vol.


2. Arezoo, Abdul Ghafoor. (1998). Black and white inside, Mashhad: Tarane, First Edition. (PERSIAN).


3. Asi, Qahhar. (2013). Generalities of Qahar Asi, Mashhad: Badakhshan Publications. (PERSIAN).


4. Bavare Bamik, Enayatullah. (2016). On the Occasions, Kabul: Balkh Writers' Association. (PERSIAN).


5. Dorre Dari. (2016). Literary Journal, Cultural Institute in Dari, Tehran. (PERSIAN).


6. Dowlatabadi, Basir Ahmad. (2008). Afghanistan Identity Card, Tehran: Erfan Publications. (PERSIAN).


7. Erfani, Shokria. (2015). Our sorrow does not threaten the world, Tehran: Nimaj Publishing. (PERSIAN).


8. Farhang, Mohammad Siddiq. (1988). Afghanistan in the Last Five Centuries, Peshawar: Publication of Engineer Ehsanullah Mayar. (PERSIAN)


9. Fereshte Ons. (2016). (A collection of literary abstracts in honor of women), Nedaye Zan Women's Institute of Afghanistan Publications. (PERSIAN).


10. Qasimi, M.N. (2020). Reflection of Political, Social and Cultural Situation in Contemporary Afghan Poetry, 7th National Conference on Literary Text Research entitled A New Look at Children and Adolescent Literature, Tehran.


11. Ghobar, Gholam Mohammad. (1989). Afghanistan in the Path of History, Enqelab Publishing Center in collaboration with Jomhuri, Fourth Edition, Spring. (PERSIAN).


12. Hosseaini, Maryam. (2009). The roots of misogyny in classical Persian literature, first edition, Cheshmeh Publishing. (PERSIAN).


13. Husin. (2015). with a lamp in hand (Afghan poetry against intellectual desire) Kabul, Unpublished. (PERSIAN).


14. Javaheri, Yahya. (2016a). Moon in the Cup, Balkh: Barg Publications. (PERSIAN).


15. Javaheri, Yahya. (2016 b). Watch the horoscope,, Kabul: Barg Publications. (PERSIAN).  


16. Khalili, Khalilullah. (1990). Collection of Poems, Peshawar, Khavar Bookstore, Second Edition. (PERSIAN).


17. Korna, Lol. (2007). Afghanistan (Collection of Today's Nations), translated by Fatemeh Shadab, Tehran: Phoenix Publications.


18. Mirshahi, Massoud. (2000). Poetry of Afghan Women, Paris: Khavaran Publications, Summer. (PERSIAN).


19. Mozaffari, Seyed Aboutaleb. (2018). How the Eagle Dies, Tehran: Amo Publishing. (PERSIAN).


20. Nikkhah, Abdul Rahim. (2016). Time in the Form of Language (Contents of Contemporary Afghan Poetry). Tehran: Mysticism. (PERSIAN).


21. Nouri, Yahya. (2006). Women's Rights in Islam and the World, Tehran: Navid Noor.


22. Partove Naderi, Nasrollah. (2005). Bloody Mouth of Freedom, Tehran: Mysticism. (PERSIAN).


23. Partove Naderi, Nasrollah. (2008). My Unforgiven Poetry, Kabul: Maiwand Publications. (PERSIAN).


24. Rezaei, Assadollah. (2015). Afghan Women's Participation in Socio-Political Areas, Tehran: Erfan. (PERSIAN).


25. Rafiazade Sr, Taghavi M, Salehiniya M,Yousofi A. (2015). Representation of a female figure in the contemporary story of Afghanistan based on the novel Silver, the Girl of the Kabul Sea. Literary Criticism, Seventh Year, Winter 2014, No. 28. Pp. 113-142.


26. Roozbeh Heydari, Lina. (2015). The Promise of Heaven, New Delhi: Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. (PERSIAN).


27. Saberi Heravi, Jalil. (2010). Poets of the Modern Age of Afghanistan, Mashhad: Nawand Publishing, Volume One, Second Edition. (PERSIAN).


28. Saeedi, Mohammad Sharif. (2010). Large locks, Tehran: Erfan. (PERSIAN).


29. Saeedi, Mohammad Sharif,  (2017a). Alef, Lam, Meem, Dal, Second Edition, Kabul: Tak Publications. (PERSIAN).


30. Saeedi, Mohammad Sharif. (2017b). Vertical Sleep, Kabul: Tak Publications, Second Edition. (PERSIAN).


31. Shafaei, Abdullah. (2008). Personal Status of Shiites in Afghanistan, Qom: Al-Mustafa Al-Alamiyah Clothing, First Edition. (PERSIAN).


32. Sistani, Mohammad Azam. (2013). The Legal Status of Afghan Women from the Amani Period to the Karzai Period, Sweden: Printing of the Knowledge of the Middle East.


33. Soltani, Latifa. (2016). Violence against women (factors, contexts and situation of violence against women in Afghanistan, Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission). (PERSIAN).


34. Tayeb, Atefeh. (2017). Stone and Sar (in the field of violence against women), Kabul: Maghsoudi Publications. (PERSIAN).


35. The situation of men and women in Afghanistan. (2017). Central Statistics Office of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Press Office of the Central Statistics Office, No. 4, Cancer. (PERSIAN).


36. Toghyani, Ishaq and Zahir Fayez. (2018). The crystallization of freedom in Qahhar Asi's poems, Journal of Sustainability Literature (Scientific-Research), Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, 10th year, 19th issue, autumn and winter. (PERSIAN).


37. 37.       Daily Information: 16 Scorpio 2015, https://af.shafaqna.com/FA/89246nv.


38. 38.       Fararoo site: July 12, 2011 and the 3rd of Farvardin 1394: https://fararu.com/en/news/83676.


39. 39.       Payam-e-Aftab Information Center, 23 Cancer 2014). https://aftabnews.ir/en/news/164036.


40. 40.       Rokna News and Information Center:.11/26/1395. https://www.rokna.net.


41. Shargh Newspaper: 17 and 18 August 2015.


42.  42.      Tabnak website: August 7, 2010: https://www.tabnak.ir/en/news/112723.