پیامدها و دلایل ورود زنان به مشاغل مردانه(سخت)

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زن و جامعه

نسرین چراغی ¹ (رییس اداره پژوهش وانتشارات بنیادشهیداستان کرمانشاه ومدرس دانشگاه علمی کاربردی)
رفیق حسنی ² (دکتری مدیریت آموزشی ،استادیاردانشگاه علوم تربیتی وروانشناسی دانشگاه آزاداسلامی واحدسنندج)

تاریخ دریافت : 1397/12/28 تاریخ پذیرش : 1398/10/29 تاریخ انتشار : 1398/10/01

کلید واژه: زنان, امنیت شغلی, مشاغل مردانه, تبعیض جنسیتی,

چکیده مقاله :

هدف از انجام پژوهش حاضر بررسی پیامدها و دلایل ورود زنان به مشاغل مردانه (سخت) می­باشد. استفاده از نظریه زمینه‌ای برای رسیدن به این هدف در نظر گرفته شد. موضوع و هدف اصلی پژوهش حاضر در زمره پژوهش‌های کیفی قرار می‌گیرد. ازاین‌رو، با اتخاذ یک طرح اکتشافی از نوع کیفی به اجرا درآمد. میدان تحقیق زنانی بودند که در مشاغل مردانه فعالیت داشتند. نمونه­گیری به شیوه­ی هدفمند و مشارکت­کنندگان به روش گلوله برفی و نظری انتخاب شدند. جهت گردآوری داده‌ها از یک منشور مصاحبه نیمه ساختار یافته با شش سؤال استفاده شد و برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها از روش کد گذاری که شامل کدگذاری باز، محوری و گزینشی است، استفاده شد. بیشترین مشکلات آنان «ناهماهنگی انتظارات نقش­های خانوادگی شغلی و تبعیض جنسیتی» بوده است. پاسخ دهندگان، احترام گذاشتن، تشویق کردن، توجه بیشتر زنان به مشتری، بی­تفاوتی نسبت به زنان را مهم­ترین واکنش مشتریان نسبت به اولین برخورد با زنان و واکنش سایر هم صنفی­ها بیان کردند. زنان از بعد اجتماعی، مدیریت خوب و تصدی در پست­های اجرایی، قدرت، امنیت شغلی، بعد اقتصادی، بعد فرهنگی، بعد اجتماعی و نیاز به حضور در جامعه را از مزایای ورود زنان به مشاغل مردانه دانسته بودند. عوامل روحی و روانی، مسائل ارتباطی، دور بودن از خانواده، وقت ناکافی برای خانواده، آسیب­های فیزیکی، سوءاستفاده رفتاری را می­توان به عنوان آسیب­های ورود زنان به این مشاغل مطرح نمود.

چکیده انگلیسی:

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the consequences and reasons of women entering men's jobs. this study is qualitative research and The use of grounded theory was considered to achieve this goal. The field of research was women working in men's jobs. The sampling was Purposeful and participants were selected by theoretical snowball method. Semi-structured interview questionnaire with six questions was used for data collection and coding method including open, axial and selective coding was used for data analysis. Their most pressing problems were "dissonance with family role expectations and gender discrimination." Respondents, respecting, encouraging, paying more attention to women, indifference to women stated the most important customer response to first dealing with women, and the reaction of other co-workers. Women considered social benefits, good management and tenure in executive positions, power, job security, economic, cultural, social dimension and the need for presence in society to be the benefits of women entering men's jobs. Psychological factors, communication issues, being away from the family, inadequate time for the family, physical injuries, and abusive behaviors can be considered as injuries to women entering these jobs.

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