بررسی تطبیقی جایگاه حقوق ‏شهروندی زنان در قانون ‏اساسی و منشور حقوق‏ شهروندی جمهوری اسلامی ایران

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زن و جامعه

زهرا جهانگیر ¹ (دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم سیاسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد شهرضا، شهرضا،ایران)
محمدکاظم کاوه پیشقدم ² (دکتری، گروه علوم سیاسی، استادیار، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد شیراز، شیراز، ایران.)

تاریخ دریافت : 1397/05/20 تاریخ پذیرش : 1398/05/07 تاریخ انتشار : 1398/05/01

کلید واژه: زن, حقوق&rlm, شهروندی زنان, قانون&rlm, اساسی, منشور حقوق&rlm, شهروندی,

چکیده مقاله :

حقوق‏شهروندی‏زنان به‏عنوان یکی از اساسی‏ترین مفاهیم حقوقی، مجموعه‏ای از حقوق مدنی، سیاسی و اجتماعی است که زنان به‏واسطه­ی عضویت در جامعه و برقراری رابطه با دولت از آن بهره‏مند می‏شوند. در جمهوری اسلامی ایران این حقوق توسط قانون‏اساسی، منشور حقوق‏شهروندی و سایر قوانین و مقررات مورد حمایت قرار گرفته است. هدف این پژوهش بر مبنای نظریه‏ی حقوق‏شهروندی تی. اچ مارشال، بررسی تطبیقی جایگاه مفهوم حقوق‏شهروندی زنان و نیز پی بردن به حقوق مدنی، سیاسی و اجتماعی آنان در دو سند قانون‏اساسی و منشور حقوق‏شهروندی و هم‏چنین عوامل محدودکننده‏ی این مفهوم در هر دو سند حقوقی است. این پژوهش درصدد است تا با روش پژوهش توصیفی و تحلیل محتوای دو سند به صورت اسنادی و کتابخانه‏ای اصول مربوط به حقوق زنان را استخراج نموده و پس از توصیف و تفسیر وضعیت کنونی این اصول به بیان نتایج عینی و کیفی از موقعیت بپردازد. نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش نشان می‏دهد که مفهوم حقوق‏شهروندی‏زنان دارای جایگاه برتر در قانون‏اساسی نسبت به سند منشور حقوق‏شهروندی است. عامل محدودکننده­ی مفهوم حقوق‏شهروندی‏زنان لزوم رعایت شرط مشخص شده از جمله عدم اخلال در مبانی اسلام، عدم مخالفت با اسلام در اصول و مواد هر دو سند است.

چکیده انگلیسی:

Women's citizenship rights as one of the most fundamental legal concepts, are a collection of civil, political, and social rights that women benefit through membership in the community and establishing relationships with the state. In the Islamic Republic of Iran, these rights are protected by the Constitution, the charter on citizens’ rights and other laws and regulations. This research aims are based on the theory of citizenship rights t. H. Marshall, a comparative study of the status of the concept of women's citizenship rights and the recognition of their civil, political and social rights in both the constitution and civil rights charter, as well as the limiting factors of this concept in both legal documents. This research aims to extract the principles of women's citizenship rights through descriptive research and analysis of the contents of the two documents in a documentation and library form, it expresses the objective and qualitative results of the situation. The results of this study show that the concept of women's citizenship rights has a higher status in the constitution than the charter on citizens’ rights. the factor limiting the Concept of Women's Citizenship Rights the need for observance of the specified conditions, including the non-disturbance of the principles of Islam, non-opposition to Islam, etc. that are principles in both documents.

منابع و مأخذ:

Ashoori, Dariush. (1994). Dānesh-name-ye siāsi (An Encyclopaedia of Politics). Tehran, morvarid. (PERSIAN)

Agha Bakhshi, Ali, Afsharirad, Mino (1996) A Dictionary of Politics, Tehran, IRANDoc. (PERSIAN)

Ahmadpour, Ayub (2008), An Introduction to the Foundations of Citizenship Rights in Islam, Islamic Researches, Second Year, No. 3. (PERSIAN)

Ameli, Bagher (1971), Family law, Tehran, 25 Shahrivarmah. (PERSIAN)

Ameli, Saeed Reza (2001), Interaction of Globalization, Citizenship and Religion, Social Sciences Letter, Vol. 9, No. 18. (PERSIAN)

Anwaruddin, A. (2005). Improving Public Service Delivery through Bureaucracy Reform. A Paper Presented at NAPSIPAG. Available at: https://mazawang.wordpress.com/ (Accessed on 16, June, 2018).

Asgharpour, Bahman, Rahnavard, Farajollah, Firoozfar, Gholam Hossein (2016), Citizenship Charter and Identification of the Factors Affecting Its Successful Establishment, Management and Development Process, Volume 29, Issue 1. (PERSIAN)

Bahrami, Fatemeh, Mehdi Aria (2008), Female Status in the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Shiite Women, Year 5, No. 18. (PERSIAN)

Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran (PERSIAN)

Fahimi, Fatemeh (2008), Women and financial rights: a comparative study on the rights of Islam, Iran and the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms Discrimination Against Women, Tehran, Khorsandi. (PERSIAN)

Friedmann, John (2002), The Prospect of Cities, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.

Giddens Anthony, (1988), Sociology, Manouchehr Saboori, Tehran, Nashreney. (PERSIAN)

Hachemi, Mohammad (2005), Human Rights and Political Freedom, Tehran, MizanPub. (PERSIAN)

Haque, M. S. (2007). Limits of the Citizen’s Charter in India. Public Management Review, 7(3).

Ismaili, Mohsen et al. (2013), Citizens Rights Guide, Tehran, Nashreshahr. (PERSIAN)

Jalali, Mohammad (2017) A guide to the Guardian Council, Shargh Daily, No. 2837,23. (PERSIAN)

Janoski, T (1997) Citizenship and Civil Society a Frame Work of Rights and Obligations in Liberal Traditional and Social Democratic Regimes: Cambridge University Press.

Javadi-Amoli, Abdullah (2009) Woman in the Mirror of Beauty and Grandeur, Qom, darolhoda.  (PERSIAN)

Kadkhodayi, Mohammad Reza (2012) Comparative Values of Women's Rights in Islam and Feminism, Women's Strategic Studies, Vol. 15, No. 57. (PERSIAN)

Katouzian, Nasser (1998) The Foundations of Public Law, Tehran, DadgostarPub. (PERSIAN)

Marshall, T.M. (1994), Citizenship and Social Class. In B.S. Turner & P. Hamilton, Citizenship: Critical Concepts. London: Routledge, voL2, chap29.

Mirshakari, Abbas, Farahani, Javad and Mokhtari Marzieh, (2015) Description of Women's Citizenship Rights in the Constitution, National Conference Explains Citizenship Rights. Volume 1, Urmia, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (PERSIAN) 

Mirshakari, Abbas, Mokhtari Marzieh, Farahani, Javad (2018) Transplant Constitution and Human Rights Treaties on Women's Horizons, Islamic Human Rights Studies, No. 12. (PERSIAN)

Mousavi, )2011) An Introduction to the Foundations of Citizenship Rights in the City. Tehran, the Institute of Humanities and Social Studies. (PERSIAN)

Nash, Kate (2010), Contemporary Political Sociology: Globalization, Politics and Power, Mohammad Taghi Delftrooz, Tehran, Kavir Pub.(PERSIAN)

Post, David, Agarwal, Sanjay (2011). How-To Notes Citizen Charters: Enhancing Service Delivery Through Accountability.

Seyed Morteza Hosseini, Rahele (1998), A look at Women's Rights in the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Meshkaat Al – Noor, No7. (PERSIAN)

 Shafiei, Mahmoud (2017). Women's Rights in the Charter of Citizenship Rights, Journal of Citizenship Rights Studies, first year, No. 4. (PERSIAN)

Tabatabai Motamani, Manoochehr (2009), General Freedom and Human Rights, Tehran University Press, University of Tehran Press. (PERSIAN)

Taheri, Mohsen (2016) Review of the Status of Citizenship Rights in Iran's Legal System by Looking at the Charter of Citizens Rights, 2nd National Conference on Citizen Rights. (PERSIAN)

Tavasoli Gholam Abbas, Nejati Hosseini, Mahmoud (2004), Social Reality of Citizenship in Iran, Iranian Sociological Association, Vol. 5, No. 2. (PERSIAN)